Introduction
Audience:
10th grade Biology Students
BIOLOGY A – UNIT Cell Biology
Objectives:
Students will understand the organelles and their specific functions
that are inside of eukaryotic cells.
Here we go……………………
• You are going to be exploring inside
the cell.
• You are going to learn WHAT is in
there and what each organelle DOES!!!
Cell Characteristics
• The basic processes necessary for living things to
survive are the same for a single cell as they are for
a more complex organism.
• A single-celled organism has to conduct all life
processes by itself.
• A multi-cellular organism has groups of cells that
specialize to perform specific functions.
Cell Characteristics
Cell Organization
• In multicellular eukaryotes, cells
organize into tissues, organs, organ
systems, and finally organisms.
Cell Characteristics
• All cells contain:
• Genetic material
– single circular molecule of DNA
in prokaryotes
– double helix located in nucleus in
eukaryotes
• Cytoplasm jelly-like substance that
fills the cells interior
• Plasma membrane encloses the cell
– – phospholipid bilayer
Cell Size
• Most cells are relatively small
because as size increases,
volume increases much more
rapidly.
– longer diffusion time
Visualizing Cells
Let’s check out the size of cells
Check out Cell Sizes
• Click on the above site and check out the
different sizes of cells.
Lets Take a Quick Second to Review
True or False
The basic processes necessary for living things
to survive are different for a single cell than
a more complex organism.
TRUE FALSE
CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got
it right!!!
Sorry!!
Wrong Answer –
Try Again!
Another true and false ?
• A single-celled organism has to conduct
all life processes by itself.
TRUE
FALSE
CORRECT!!!!
Congrats! You got
it right!!!
SORRY
Hmmm….try again!
Review cont.
Fill in the blank
A multi-cellular organisms has groups of _________
that specialize to perform specific functions.
A. Cells
B. Atoms
C. Molecules
Correct!
Cells is the right
answer!
Great Job!!!
Sorry!
Try again…think
about what we are
learning about
today!
Nucleus
Stores genetic material
Contains DNA
site where RNA is made
Nucleolus: Chromatin and
ribosomal subunits
Nuclear envelope:
– Double membrane with pores
• Largest organelle
• BRAIN of the cell – controls
protein synthesis
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus
Nucleus Cont.
• Go to the site below and check out a
virtual cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fIyLrpRDrB8
Let’s Review the Nucleus
Nucleus stores ______________
• A. genetic material
• B. DNA
• C. RNA
• D. All of the above
Correct!
• Sweet!
Sorry!!
Wrong Answer –
Try Again!
Ribosomes
• Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes
composed of two subunits that join and attach
to messenger RNA.
– site of protein synthesis
– assembled in nucleolus
Ribosomes
Ribosomes
• Click here
For a more in depth reading on Ribosomes,
also check out the You Tube video
“Bacterial ribosome translating RNA
into Protein”
Endoplasmic reticulum
– transports materials through the cell
• Rough ER - studded with ribosomes
– Attached to nuclear membrane
– site of protein synthesis and processing
• Smooth ER - lacks ribosomes
– site of synthesis of phospholipids and the
packaging of proteins into vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
More on ER……
• http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/er.htm
• Let’s check on cells alive again..this time
we are going to look at endoplasmic
reticulum.
Review
Which organelle is the site for protein
synthesis?
a. Nucleus
b. Golgi Apparatus
c. Ribosome
CORRECT
• Awesome Job! You
are exactly right.
Ribosomes are the
site for protein
synthesis!
SORRY!
Try again!
Review
Which endoplasmic reticulum is studded
with ribosomes?
ROUGH or SMOOTH
CORRECT
You are EXACTLY
right!! Smooth
LACKS ribosomes
and the Rough is
studded with
ribosomes making
it appear rough.
SORRY!
Try again!
Remember what
each one looks like.
Golgi apparatus
– collection of Golgi
bodies
• Stacked flattened
sacks
• Site where cell
products are
packaged for export
• Proteins are
modified by being
combined with fats
or carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus
– Vesicles then pinch
off from the Golgi
body to be secreted
(outside the cell)
– Involved in the
production of
lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
Review
The Golgi Apparatus is involved in the
production of?
a. Ribosomes
b. Lysosomes
c. Endoplasmic Reticulum
CORRECT
You are exactly right!
The Golgi Apparatus
produces lysosomes
and is the site where
products are
packaged for export
out of the cell.
Sorry!
Try again. Wrong answer.
Lysosomes
• vesicles produced by the
Golgi apparatus.
• Lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes and are
involved in intracellular
digestion of food
particles, disease causing
bacteria and worn out cell
parts
Golgi Apparatus and
Lysosomes
Mitochondria




Powerhouse of the cell" - cellular metabolism
Structure- outer and inner membranes, cristae
Found in both plant and animal cells
Very active cells have more mitochondria
Cell Membrane
• controls what enters
and leaves the cell
• Found in ALL cells
• Phospholipid bilayer
with transport
proteins, and
cholesterol (for
flexibility)
Which organelle is this?
•
•
•
•
Lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Correct
• You are exactly
right! The Golgi
Apparatus produces
lysosomes and is the
site where products
are packaged for
export out of the
cell.
Try again
• Hint….a packaging apparatus!
CELLS ALIVE
• To give you some time to absorb what
you have learned about the organelles,
explore CellsAlive.com and take the quiz
on cells.
Almost done….
• Check out
http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/index.htm
• It is a virtual cell….check out all of the
organelles…
Great Job Today!!!!
• Now you know all of the organelles that
make up a cell and what they do.