Benchmark-based
Whole-Building
Energy Performance Targets
for New Buildings
Rashmi Sahai
Sustainability Specialist
University of California Office of the President
June 18, 2014
Reasons to Use Whole-Building Energy
Performance Targets
1. California Energy Code Going to net zero
2. Validated Baseline
3. Includes all building loads – including currently
unregulated loads
4. Design targets inform and guide operations
5. Better integration with climate action goals –
provides more accurate prediction of future
emissions from campus growth
Building Energy Performance Metrics
Energy Use
Intensity (EUI)
(BTU/sf/yr)
Annual
Electricity Use
(kWh/sf/yr)
Annual Thermal
Use
(therms/sf/yr)
Maximum
Building Load
(BTU/hr/sf)
Maximum
Power Load
(W/sf)
Max Chilled
Water (tons/ksf)
Maximum
Thermal Load
(therms/hr/ksf)
Method
• Developed for UC Merced in 1999
• Collected whole-campus energy use and building space
data from eight UC and CSU campuses
(UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Riverside, UC San
Diego, UC Santa Barbara, CSU Fresno, CSU Stanislaus)
• This building energy load data correlated reasonably
well with climate parameters and with density of
buildings containing complex space (e.g., labs) –
regression created
• Regression equation used to develop climate-adjusted,
space-specific benchmarks for all other UC campuses.
• Benchmarks adjusted for specific campus infrastructure
Benchmarks for
Annual Electricity Consumption (kWh/gsf/yr)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Berkeley
Davis
Irvine
Los Angeles
Academic/Administrative Non-complex Space
Merced
Riverside
San Diego
San
Francisco
Parnassus
Housing Non-complex Space
Santa
Barbara
Santa Cruz
Lab/Complex Space
Benchmarks for
Annual Thermal Consumption (therms/gsf/yr)
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Berkeley
Davis
Irvine
Los Angeles Merced
Academic/Administrative Non-complex Space
Riverside
San Diego
Housing Non-complex Space
San
Francisco
Parnassus
Santa
Barbara
Santa Cruz
Lab/Complex Space
Benchmarks for
Peak Electricity Consumption (W/gsf)
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Berkeley
Davis
Irvine
Los Angeles
Academic/Administrative Non-complex Space
Merced
Riverside
San Diego
San
Francisco
Parnassus
Housing Non-complex Space
Santa
Barbara
Santa Cruz
Lab/Complex Space
UC Building Energy Benchmarks by Campus
Academic / Administrative Non-complex Space
Campus
Annual Electricity
Maximum Power
Max. Chilled Water
Annual Thermal
Max. Thermal
kWh/sf/yr
W/sf
tons/ksf
therms/sf/yr
therms/hr/ksf
Includes prorated part of
plant use and site lighting
Includes prorated part of small
peak (pumping) load at plant
Load on plant
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50% Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
80%
Target
Berkeley
11.2
5.6
3.1
1.53
N/A
N/A
0.21
0.10
0.12
0.10
Davis
13.3
6.7
3.3
1.66
2.5
1.25
0.20
0.10
0.12
0.10
Irvine
13.0
6.5
2.6
1.28
1.93
0.96
0.16
0.081
0.12
0.10
Los Angeles
12.3
6.2
2.3
1.14
1.72
0.86
0.17
0.085
0.12
0.10
Merced
14.3
7.2
3.5
1.73
2.6
1.3
0.20
0.10
0.12
0.10
Riverside
13.9
6.9
3.3
1.66
2.5
1.25
0.18
0.09
0.12
0.10
San Diego
12.2
6.1
2.2
1.11
1.66
0.83
0.16
0.08
0.12
0.10
11.1
5.6
2.0
1.00
1.51
0.75
0.21
0.11
0.12
0.10
11.4
5.7
3.1
1.53
N/A
N/A
0.21
0.11
0.12
0.10
Santa Barbara
11.5
5.7
2.2
1.11
1.66
0.83
0.19
0.10
0.12
0.10
Santa Cruz
11.1
5.6
3.2
1.58
N/A
N/A
0.23
0.11
0.12
0.10
San Francisco
Parnassus
San Francisco
Mission Bay
UC Building Energy Benchmarks by Campus
Housing Non-complex Space
Campus
Annual Electricity
Maximum Power
Max. Chilled Water
Annual Thermal
Max. Thermal
kWh/sf/yr
W/sf
tons/ksf
therms/sf/yr
therms/hr/gsf
Includes prorated part of
plant use and site lighting
Includes prorated part of small
peak (pumping) load at plant
Load on plant
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50% Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
80%
Target
Berkeley
7.8
3.9
2.1
1.07
N/A
N/A
0.30
0.15
0.18
0.14
Davis
9.3
4.7
2.3
1.16
1.75
0.88
0.29
0.15
0.18
0.14
Irvine
9.1
4.5
1.79
0.90
1.35
0.67
0.23
0.12
0.18
0.14
Los Angeles
8.6
4.3
1.60
0.80
1.20
0.60
0.24
0.12
0.18
0.14
Merced
10.0
5.0
2.4
1.21
1.82
0.91
0.28
0.14
0.18
0.14
Riverside
9.7
4.9
2.3
1.16
1.75
0.88
0.26
0.13
0.18
0.14
San Diego
8.6
4.3
1.55
0.77
1.17
0.58
0.23
0.11
0.18
0.14
7.8
3.9
1.40
0.70
1.06
0.53
0.30
0.15
0.18
0.14
8.0
4.0
2.1
1.07
N/A
N/A
0.30
0.15
0.18
0.14
Santa Barbara
8.0
4.0
1.55
0.77
1.17
0.58
0.28
0.14
0.18
0.14
Santa Cruz
7.8
3.9
2.2
1.11
N/A
N/A
0.32
0.16
0.18
0.14
San Francisco
Parnassus
San Francisco
Mission Bay
UC Building Energy Benchmarks by Campus
Lab/Complex Space
Campus
Annual Electricity
Maximum Power
Max. Chilled Water
Annual Thermal
Max. Thermal
kWh/gsf/yr
W/gsf
tons/kgsf
therms/gsf/yr
therms/hr/kgsf
Includes prorated part of
plant use and site lighting
Includes prorated part of small
peak (pumping) load at plant
Load on plant
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Includes prorated part of
plant use
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50% Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
50%
Target
Benchmark
80%
Target
Berkeley
36
18.0
7.6
3.8
N/A
N/A
1.83
0.92
0.43
0.34
Davis
38
18.9
6.3
3.1
4.7
2.4
1.83
0.91
0.43
0.34
Irvine
38
18.8
5.6
2.8
4.2
2.1
1.78
0.89
0.43
0.34
Los Angeles
37
18.5
5.4
2.7
4.1
2.0
1.79
0.89
0.43
0.34
Merced
39
19.3
6.4
3.2
4.8
2.4
1.82
0.91
0.43
0.34
Riverside
38
19.1
6.3
3.1
4.7
2.4
1.80
0.90
0.43
0.34
San Diego
37
18.4
5.3
2.7
4.0
2.0
1.78
0.90
0.43
0.34
36
18.0
5.2
2.6
3.9
1.94
1.84
0.92
0.43
0.34
36
18.1
7.6
3.8
N/A
N/A
1.84
0.92
0.43
0.34
Santa Barbara
36
18.1
5.3
2.7
4.0
2.0
1.81
0.91
0.43
0.34
Santa Cruz
36
18.0
7.6
3.8
N/A
N/A
1.85
0.93
0.43
0.34
San Francisco
Parnassus
San Francisco
Mission Bay
Questions?
Rashmi Sahai
Sustainability Specialist
University of California Office of the President
Rashmi.Sahai@ucop.edu
510-587-6225