AP Human Geography Week #3
Fall 2015
AP Human Geography 9/21/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine the different types of culture &
the concept of culture. APHugIII-A.4
• Language objective: Write about culture.
• I. Journal#6 pt.A
-Where 'Smoke-Free' Isn't the Norm: Global
Tobacco Use Booms in Developing World
• II. Journal#6
-notes on culture
• Homework: Finish reading Chapter#1
• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test Monday Sept 28th
Due Monday!
• Due Monday Sept. 28th
at the beginning of class:
• 1.) Chapter#1 Review pt.I
• 2.) Chapter#1 Review pt.II
Culture
• Culture is the man-made part of
the environment. (It is learned &
passed on)
• Cultural trait is a single attribute
of a culture such as chopsticks.
• Cultural region is a portion of the
earth occupied by people who
share cultural traits such as
religions, languages, political
organizations, etc.
• Cultural realm-is a large segment
of the earth with uniformity in
cultural characteristics such as
“Latin America”
• Acculturation-immigrant populations take on enough of
the values, attitudes and customs of the receiving society
to function economically and socially.
• Assimilation-the complete blending with the host
culture and the loss of most if not all of a groups
previous distinctive ethnic traits.
• Syncretism-the process of fusing the immigrant culture
with the native or adjacent culture. E.g. Haitian mix of
Catholic and African voodoo religious practices, TexMex cuisine in the Southwest.
• Cultural convergence-the sharing of technologies,
cultural traits and artifacts among widely separated
societies.
• Cultural Hearth-centers of innovation and invention,
the center or cradle of a culture.
• Cultural perceptions-like
perceptual regions, there
are many intangible
elements that define a
region’s personality.
• Consider the South as a
Cultural Region;
– Houses with porches
– Foods like grits, greens and
cornbread.
– Drawl or dialects like
Cajun.
– Southern Baptist-Bible Belt
– Slow pace of life and
courtesy, hospitality.
Cultural Diffusion
• Cultural diffusion or spatial
diffusion is the spread of an
idea or innovation from its
source to other cultures.
• Diffusion occurs through
the movement of people,
goods or ideas.
• Carl Sauer focused on
cultural diffusion in his
book Agricultural Origins
and Dispersals (1952)
Types of Diffusion
• There are two main types of Diffusion:
• Expansion Diffusion
– The spread of an item or idea from one place to others. In the
process it remains and often strengthens in the origin area.
• Contagious diffusion-rapid widespread diffusion by direct contact.
Affects all areas uniformly as it spreads outward. E.g. the spread of
Islam.
• Hierarchical diffusion-or cascade diffusion-the process of spreading
ideas first between large cities and only later to smaller cities.
• Stimulus diffusion-the spread of an underlying principle even though
the main idea is not spread. E.g. industrialization
• Relocation Diffusion
– The innovation or idea is physically carried to new areas by
migrating individuals or populations. E.g. Christianity brought
to the New World by missionaries and colonists.
A
Contagious Diffusion
B
Hierarchical Diffusion
Examples
• Expansion diffusion has a snowball effect-it gains momentum
as it moves. It is happening much more rapidly today due to the
technology of fax machines, computers, the internet, satellite
links for TV, telephone, etc.
• Another example of contagious diffusion-spread of soccer as a
college sport-Eastern ivy-league schools first.
• Hierarchical diffusion is also known as cascade diffusion-ideas
spread from nodes of power or authority to other nodes of
power-AIDS, Christianity, Hip-hop music, rap and the use of the
fax machine are all examples of Hierarchical diffusion.
• The early 19th century Cholera outbreak in the US was an
example of relocation diffusion and hierarchical diffusion-it
spread from city to nearby city via water transportation-it spread
slowly until the railroad network spread it much more rapidly
via relocation diffusion.
Factors that delay diffusion
– Time-distance decay-the
farther away and the longer it
takes to reach an area, the less
likely it will be adopted.
– Cultural barriers may pose
obstacles to cultural diffusiontaboos or religious beliefs.
– Cultural lag-when a social
group is economically or
psychologically unresponsive
to change.
Examples
• The friction of distance is being reduced as
technology improves transportation and
communication.
• Religious beliefs that do not condone
contraception would be reluctant to adopt a
new medical breakthrough in contraception.
• The Amish - due to religious beliefs they do
not use cars, electricity, telephones, etc.,
thus new technology like the Internet, etc.
are not adopted by them.
Homework Tonight
• Finish reading
Chapter#1
• Begin working on
Chapter#1 Review.
AP Human Geography 9/22/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and review
for the Chapter#1 test. APHugVI-B.4
• Language objective: Write about globalization.
• I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
• II. Quiz#3
• III. Film: Is Wal-mart Good for America?
-questions on film about globalization
• Homework: Continue working on Chapter#1 Review
• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th
Homework Tonight
• Continue working on
Chapter#1 Review.
AP Human Geography 9/23/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine world current events and
review for the Chapter#1 Test. APHugVI-B.4
• Language objective: Write about globalization.
• I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
• II. Quiz#4
• III. Read “Types of Boundaries” p.261
• IV. 2012 FRQ#1 on walls
-questions on film about globalization
• Homework: Study for the Chapter#1 Test
• NOTICE: Chapter#1 Test is Monday Sept 28th
Directions
• Directions: You have 75 minutes to answer all three of
the following questions.
• It is recommended that you spend approximately onethird of your time (25 minutes) on each question.
• It is suggested that you take up to 5 minutes of this
time to plan and outline each answer.
• While a formal essay is not required, it is not enough to
answer a question by merely listing facts.
• Illustrate your answers with substantive geographic
examples where appropriate.
• Be sure that you number each of your answers,
including individual parts, in this booklet as the
questions are numbered below.
2012 FRQ question#1
•
1. Walls and other barriers built by countries to establish their
borders are some of the oldest and most controversial elements in
the cultural landscape.
a. Identify three examples of walls or other barriers built by
countries in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
b. Explain the purpose of one of the examples you identified in
part a.
c. For each of the categories listed below, discuss a
consequence faced by countries as a result of walls or other
barriers established along their borders.
i. social or political
ii. economic
iii. environmental
Homework Tonight
• Finish Chapter#1
Review & study for the
Chapter#1 Test.
AP Human Geography 9/24/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• NO SCHOOL: Vacation Day
AP Human Geography 9/25/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• NO SCHOOL: Staff Professional Development Day#3