Developing Diverse
Germplasm and Student Skill
Sets to Address Needs in the
Food Industry.
M. Campbell, Truman State University,
Truman State University,
Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA,
Dec. , Chicago, IL
Truman State
University
Mandated by the state of Missouri to
serve as its only highly selective public
Liberal Arts and Sciences University.
Goals of University
- Focus: undergraduates
- To ‘Liberally’ Educate
- Provide students an
opportunity to engage in
research.
UW-Madison
(corn silage quality)
NDSU
(short season)
Cornell
(Plant Pathology)
USDA
Ames Iowa (ISU)
Yield – ‘agronomics’
USDA
Raleigh NC (NC-state)
Yield – ‘agronomics’
Texas A&M
(Drought resistance)
Truman
Truman State University
(Food/industrial starch
Development)
USDA
Univ. Missouri(Genomics)
Provides students
opportunity to
practice applied
genetic
Truman Agriculture program:
-One of 25 state universities with agriculture programs
-Small ag. programs collectively graduate more majors than our
‘Flagship Land-grant’ school
State
Funding
Faculty
Entering
Freshman
Corporate Funding
– out of state1996
-
2012
Other Challenges :
- Varied levels of a basic
understanding of sciences
among student and faculty.
- Healthy skepticism vs. general
mistrust of industry and new
technologies
- Conventional plant breeding
lumped with GMO’s
Hybrids replaced
local varieties.
USDA scientists
rushed to collect
and preserve
germplasm.
Your grandparents
were plant
breeders!!!
Perkins yellow dent
PI 269744
Accession was collected -1960.
Missouri, US.
Locality: From Perkins family in
Adair County who have grown it
for years
Resistant starch, the last novelty on that list
of ingredients, has the corn refiners
particularly excited today. They've figured out
how to tease a new starch from corn that is
virtually indigestible. You would not think this
as a particularly good thing for a food to be,
unless of course your goal is to somehow get
around the biological limit on how much each
of us can eat in a year. Since the body can't
break down resistant starch, it slips through
the digestive track without ever turning into
calories of glucose -- a particular boon, we're
told, for diabetics. When fake sugars and fake
fats are joined by fake starches, the food
industry will at long last have overcome the
dilemma of the fixed stomach: whole meals
you can eat as often or as much of as you like,
since this food will leave no trace. Meet the
ultimate -- the utterly elastic! -- industrial
eater
Colon Cancer:
3rd most common
cancer in the
Western World.
Butyrate:
main energy used by large
intestinal epithelial (inner
lining) cells.
inhibits the malignant
transformation of such
cells
4th most
common in US
‘The addition of a
resistant starch to oral
rehydration solution
reduces fecal fluid loss
and shortens the
duration of diarrhea in
adolescents and adults
with cholera. ‘
• Hypoglycemia
• low blood sugar, is the most
common adverse event
associated with insulin
therapy.
• Excess insulin in causes large
amounts of glucose to be taken
up by liver and too little
glucose to be released later.
• Especially a problem with
children at night.
• Slow release starch theoropy
for Nocturnal hypoglycemia
Hepatocyte cell
PI 586689. incorporates germplasm
from CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified
opaque-2) and synthetic BSCB1(R)C11.
Developed by Dr. Brent Zehr at Purdue
University.
A: F1 ears: PI 586689 x NS amylomaize
VII line)
PI 586690. Incorporates germplasm from
CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified opaque-2)
and synthetic BSSS(R)C11. Developed by Dr.
Brent Zehr at Purdue University.
B: F1 ears: 586690 x SS amylomaize VII line)
GEM program and
Benefits for Public
Cooperators
- Presence of an active plant
breeding program educates
students and faculty of all
majors.
- Financial support helps to
leverage further funding.
- Provides relevance to science:
food security, economic
development, awareness of
genetic resources as a non
renewable resource
Recently awarded to
Missouri State University
and Truman State
University.
Enhancing plant breeding
program through collaborative
distance learning and student
exchange
History leasons:
Embraced by the
world, corn became
the real gold Columbus
discovered.
Corn is a starch crop
• 75% starch
• High yielding, stores well,
energy dense
• Improved food security
• Shift in Diet: Enriched with
carbohydrate.
• Cost: Compromised health
Examples
Mississippian Skeletal Remains. Indicators of iron
deficiency, poor growth and health upon adoption
of corn.
Porotic hyperostosis: Native
Americans in Amelia isle. FL)
Clark Spencer Larsen
Department of Anthropology
The Ohio State University
Enamel hypoplasia: may be due to increased use of
maize in the weanling diet (Illinois)
Alan Goodman
Department of Anthropology,
University of MA
Demonstrate value of
diversity to improve a crop.
ae
Recently this iso-form
has been knocked out
by ..
1. Mutator sbe1a-Mu;ae
(Penn State)
2. Gene silencing –
antisence/RNAi (DuPont)
Resulting in amylomaize VII
starch
Electron
microscopy
at Truman
GEMS-0067
filamentous
granules
Andrew Green; Currently graduate
student plant breeding Kansas State
Dr. Brent Buckner
Professor of Biology
Genomics: a tool that has
application in allele mining with
germplasm
Automated Data Insertions
Dr. Jon Beck,
Computer
science
Populating the database
• Manual
• Automated
Manual Data
Insertions
Dr. Brian Lamp
Professor of
Chemistry
Dr. Cynthia
Cooper
Professor of
Biology
Microbiologist
GEM/LAMP
An International
Effort
Resistant starch germplasm
Resistant starch NS
Resistant starch SS
Population/GEM release/Synthetic x
GEM Amylomaize VII
Nepal 1701 -- PI 511578 X AR03056:N09B////CH05015:N15///GEMS-67
WT
10.7
Yield
(bu/ac)
77.3
Nepal 1701 -- PI 511578 X CH05015:N15B///GEMS-67
13.7
98.7
21.7
4.6
55.5
Nepal No. 1 -- PI 208468 X FS8A(S):S09///GEMS-67
14.0
104.6
18.9
5.6
54.6
Nepal 2402 -- PI 511581 X CHIS740:S11411a////2011-01_SE32_S17///GEMS-67
13.4
101.6
17.4
5.9
57.2
%
stand
76.4
127.
3
100.
0
79.1
Nepal 5503 -- PI 511601 X 208801_DK212T_S11/////DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67
5.2
37.7
22.0
1.8
43.0
92.7
12.5
15.5
MAKKAI - Punjab, India PI 164375 - X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67
14.6
108.2
19.9
5.6
57.6
88.2
13.2
12.1
Nepal 4109 -- PI 511597 X CHIS740:S1411a////AR16035:S02B///GEMS-67
8.0
58.2
21.0
2.9
55.0
86.8
4.5
3.4
Nepal 5603 -- PI 511602 X CH05015:N1502/////AR03056:N09////CH05015:N15///GEMS-67
9.1
65.1
22.6
2.9
55.2
74.3
11.4
20.3
Nepal 4109 -- PI 511597 X 2011-01_SE32_S170////2011-01_SE32_S17b///GEMS-67
9.5
68.6
21.7
3.3
54.0
84.0
23.0
5.2
Nepal 5603 -- PI 511602 X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67
11.3
76.6
26.4
3.0
52.9
81.2
5.3
11.0
PI 208472s (POKHARA) X
DK212T:N11a12B/////AR03056:N09B////CH05015:N15B///GEMS-67
13.5
99.5
19.8
5.1
55.6
60.4
7.6
1.5
Nepal 3905A -- PI 511591 X DKB844:S1601////AR16035:S02///GEMS-67
9.3
64.9
25.1
2.7
52.4
72.2
31.6
21.2
Nepal 4104 -- PI 511595 X DKB844:S1601////UR10001:S1813///GEMS-67
13.8
98.6
22.3
4.5
56.9
72.9
1.0
5.8
Entry
0.05
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
ns
ns
Block
ns
ns
0.01
ns
ns
ns
0.02
ns
Soils, climate,
adaptation, test
crossing of Nepal
accessions
MOIS
T
21.3
Y/M
3.6
TWT
54.5
%
skldg
26.2
%
rtldg
26.2
19.2
21.6
3.3
13.1
23.4
24.5
Glenn Wehner,
animal science
Average daily gain of chickens feed high amylose
versus normal corn (n=10)
30
25
20
High Amylose
15
Normal
10
5
0
Day 4
Day 8
Influence of High Amylose Corn on
Growth Rates of Animal?
Figure 3. Reduction in skatole
concentration of hog feces when fed a
ration containing potato starch as the
source of resistant starch (Clause et al
2003)
Incorporation of high amylose corn
starch in two noodle types as a means
of introducing resistant starch into the
diet.
Christina Spellman and Yuka Shibasaki
Udon (Japanese) is a
type of thick wheatbased noodle popular
in Japanese cuisine
(Wiki)
Wheat flour
substituted with
varying
proportions of
high amylose
starch (HAS)
Udon Noodle Attributes Determined by Japanese Participants
12.0
10.0
rating
8.0
0% HAS
6.0
10% HAS
4.0
20% HAS
2.0
Sm
el
l:
r:
Co
lo
Ta
st
e:
Te
xt
ur
e:
El
as
tic
ity
Af
ov
:
te
er
r
al
Ta
la
st
cc
e:
ep
ta
bi
lit
y
Ap
p
ea
ra
nc
e:
0.0
attribute
Muffins
Normal
ae
ae su2
ae du
du su2
Average of All Genotypes
Average of all genotypes
120
110
Av. ae
Av. ae du
Av. ae su2
100
Av. du su2
Av. normal
90
80
0
30
60
Error Bars represent +/- 1 standard error
90
120
Population density
Population density