Bennett 2015-2016
What
was the course of the
Civil War?
What were its political, social,
and economic ramifications?

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To understand the development and progress of the Civil
War
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To investigate key turning points in the Civil War in New
York State and United States history and explain why
these events or developments are significant

To map information about people, places, and
environments

To describe the relationships between people and
environments and the connections between people and
places

To identify and collect economic information related to
the Civil War from standard reference works,
newspapers, periodicals, computer databases,
textbooks, and other primary and secondary sources
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO  “With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff
Davis
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
 1st
Union attack on the South
 July 1861
 Gen.
“Stonewall” Jackson led the
Confederates to victory in the battle
 Bull Run shows 3 things :



Both sides need more training
War would be longer than thought
War would be very bloody
 After
the Union’s defeat at Bull Run,
Lincoln removed McDowell and put General
McClellan in command.

For 7 months McClellan trained his troops but
did not attack.

Showed he was extremely cautious.
 Lincoln
began to grow impatient with
McClellan for not attacking the
Confederacy
 McClellan
does not attack and gives
General Robert E. Lee’s Northern Virginia
Army more time to gain reinforcements.
 Knowing
that McClellan will not attack, Lee
decides to invade the North.

Thought it would win support for the South in
Europe and change public opinion in the North.
A
Union officer found a paper showing
Lee’s battle plan and learns that Lee
divided his army into two branches.
 McClellan
decides to attack Lee’s army at
Antietam Creek, Maryland.
September, 1862
 Battle in Maryland
 Confederate General – Robert E Lee – makes
first move at attacking the north on Union
territory
 Draw- no true winner
(south retreats- north does
not follow)



Lincoln is outraged with McClellan for not following
Bloodiest day in US History
23,000 troops (N & S)
Killed or wounded

Confederate dead from Antietam
 General
Ulysses S. Grant
led the Union troops in
the West.

Much more aggressive than
McClellan.

Grant’s army was able to
capture two major
Confederate waterways.
 Costly
but important to both sides.
 South
11,000 casualties
 North
13,000 casualties
 Union
forces gained control of railways and
part of the Mississippi River.
 Two
weeks later, Union captured the Port
of New Orleans.
 The
Civil War began as a war to save the
Union NOT to end slavery
 Lincoln
feared that if he ended slavery the
border states would also leave the union
 Starts
to change his mind.
 He
now believes that the issue of slavery is
so important to the SOUTH that he must
end it.

Cabinet members advised Lincoln to wait until
the Union won a decisive battle to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
 January
1, 1863 Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
 Emancipate
= to set free
 In
his proclamation Lincoln states that all
persons held in slavery in the Confederate
States shall be free

Thinking Time!


Did Lincoln free all the slaves?
Did Lincoln have the power to make this
proclamation?
 Results

Union now has two reasons for fighting:


 It

of Emancipation Proclamation
Save the Union (bring the Southern States back)
End slavery in ALL states
really did not free ANY slaves
Lincoln has no power to make laws for CSA
 Thinking
Time!
 How would the Emancipation Proclamation
affect you if…
1.
You owned slaves in Texas ?
2.
You were a slave in Maryland?
3.
You were an abolitionist in New York?
4.
You were a slave in Georgia?
Early Civil War Review Sheet for Quiz Tuesday, October 27 th 2015
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Northern vs Southern economies
Northern Advantages going into the war
Southern Advantages going into the war
Northern plan to win the war
Southern plan to win the war
Jefferson Davis
Abraham Lincoln
Ulysses S. Grant
General McClellan
General Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
What was learned from the Battle of Bull Run?
New technology used in the war
Why considered the first modern war?
Effects of new technology used in the war
Importance of the Battle of Antietam
Importance of the battle of Shiloh
Importance of Border States
Emancipation Proclamation
Results of the Emancipation Proclamation
 By
1863, hundreds of thousands dead and
wounded.
 Union won in 1862 at Antietam but could
not knock the South out.

Lincoln attributed this to poor leadership.


Lincoln fires McClelland and replaces him with
Burnside.
Seemed to be no end in sight.
 Knows
McClellan was fired for being too
cautious so he decides to invade the South.

Loses battles against Lee at Fredericksburg.

Lincoln turns to General Joseph Hooker.

Hooker and Union get slaughtered at
Chancellorsville
 Lose badly but kill Confederate General Stonewall
Jackson.
 Lee
grew bolder after victories at
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville.
 Believed
that a Confederate victory in the
North would force surrender.
 June
1863- Lee’s troops cross Mason-Dixon
line into Pennsylvania

The Union Army led by General Meade follow
behind…
 The
South needs to win in the North in
order to win the war- hurt Union morale
 Gen Lee attacks the Union July 1863
outside the town of Gettysburg, PA (again
attacking on Union land)
 South
had plan to charge the Union troops
 Pickett’s Charge was a huge failure
 Lee is forced to retreat Confederate troops
back to the south
 Union wins the 3 day battle
 Gettysburg is known as the turning point of
the war
 In
November of 1863, the town of
Gettysburg dedicated a cemetery for the
Union soldiers who died at Gettysburg
Battle
 President Lincoln attended


Gave a 2 min speech
called Gettysburg Address
 Read
the Gettysburg Address and answer
the following questions:
1. Who gave the speech, when was it given,
where was it given?
2. What is the main idea of the speech?
What did the speaker want to tell his
audience?
3. What is the speaker’s position on the civil
war?
4. What words or phrases express his
feelings?
Union General Grant wants to destroy the
South’s ability to fight in the war for much
longer
 Total War Plan
 Destroy food, equipment, and anything else
that would help south fight
 Change in how war was fought
 Not just soldiers anymore- now civilians
also suffered

 Part
of Grants Total War Plan
 1864 -Sherman told to capture Atlanta, GA
then march to the Atlantic Ocean
 As he did- Sherman set fire to much of
Atlanta and then destroyed everything and
anything in his path to the Atlantic
 Union
troops captured the Confederate
capital of Richmond – April 1865
 On April 9, 1865 Gen. Lee surrendered to
Gen. Grant
 The Union had won
 The Civil War was over

4 year long war
 Thinking
Time!
 Why is Civil War deadliest war in US
History?
 Reconstruction=
 Period
of rebuilding in the US after the
Civil War
 Much of fighting took place in south- which
now has to rebuild and clean up from war
 Confederate
currency was now worthless =
economic problems
 New
free slaves had no land, no jobs, no
education = social problem
 Need
to find a plan to help the former
Confederate States rejoin the Union =
political problem
 Lincoln
wanted to convince Congress to
accept his plan to quickly allow the
Southern states back into the Union



Have 10% of state pledge loyalty to USA
State must abolish slavery
Reconstruction will led to new amendments ,
including an end to slavery
 It
was not to be
 5 days after the South surrenderedLincoln was shot and killed – April 14, 1865

Shot by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre