Nomenclature Naming compounds - chpt 4
• Extra-Credit -
Chpt. 4 pg. 118-122,
#1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 18, 24-29, 36
How/Why are compounds
made?
Groups in Periodic Table have similar properties
Because same number of valence electrons (outer electrons)
Group
outer e-
1A
1
2A
2
3A
3
4A
4
5A
5
6A
6
7A
7
8A
8
filled
When elements make compounds - they want to be like
Noble gases.... so Ionic Compounds gain or lose electrons
(become ions) - see Figure 3.15 on page 79.
Ionic Compounds
for single elements...
Group
Charge
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
+1 +2 +3 +/-4 -3 -2 -1 0
Metal ions (positive ions) keep their name
Nonmetal ions (negative ions) Keep 1st syllable add -ide
oxygen becomes oxide ion nitrogen becomes nitride
ion
chlorine becomes chloride ion iodine becomes iodide
ion
Compounds are neutral (have no charge)
Use your ion sheet!!!!!
Ionic Compound- formula to
name
Formula to name:
1st: look up element or group of elements on ion sheet - find
name of that ion, ignore charge.
NOTE: Once you find the metal (positive ion) or NH4+1
everything else is the negative ion.
2nd: Write the name of each ion (positive cation and negative
anion) as given from the ion sheet.
Write names for these compounds:
LiBr
MgCl2
K2O
Ca(NO3)2
Ionic Compound- Name to
formula
Name to formula:
1st: look up name on ion sheet - find symbol and charge
2nd: use the charges to make the compound neutral, put a
subscript if you need more than 1 of them.
Do NOT put charges in final formula.
Write Formulas for these compounds:
sodium bromide
lithium nitride
calcium oxide
cesium fluoride
aluminum oxide
Ionic Compound- Polyatomic
ions
Polyatomic ions:
A group of atoms that are chemically bonded and have a
charge.
The method is the same as single atoms with that charge...
just treat them as a group with the charge on the ion sheet.
If you need more than 1 of them, use parentheses and
subscript.
Write Formulas for these compounds:
potassium nitrate
ammonium oxide
sodium oxalate
magnesium phosphate
calcium bicarbonate
barium hydroxide
Molecules
Molecules are made from only nonmetals, so we recognize
them by a nonmetal listed 1st.
Nonmetals all want to gain electrons!!! Molecules are NOT
made from ions.
They have to share... the nonmetals can share in many ways.
Both CO and CO2 exist... can’t just say carbon oxide!!! not
unique... so we have to use prefixes to tell how many of each
atom. Naming is similar 1st element keeps name, 2nd
element root +ide.
TRY:
nitrogen dioxide
O2Cl
dibromine tetraflouride
trisulfur pentaoxide
N3F6
Se2O5
Elements that are molecules: Br I N Cl H O F
Acids
Acids produce hydrogen ions when
dissolved in solution.
H+1 is the hydrogen ion (a proton !).
Acids all have Hydrogen listed 1st. Only the
hydrogens listed 1st are dissolved in water.
Most Common Acids (know these).
Notice they have different numbers of hydrogens
HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
HC2H3O2
H3PO4
hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid
acetic acid
phosphoric acid
Acids - 3 types of naming
Formula to name:
from the ion sheet, if the negative ion has no oxygen
(ends with -ide) use root (usually 1st syllable)
-ide
hydro_____ic acid
if it has oxygen, then it ends either -ate or -ite
-ate
_____ic acid
-ite
_____ous acid
HBr
HNO2
HNO3
H2CrO4
Acids - name to formula
Name to formula:
1st: change hydro___ ic back to -ide or
-ic acid back to -ate or -ous back to -ite
2nd: find the name on the ion sheet and its charge,
3rd: add enough H+1 to make neutral
Remember write formula without charges!
hydroiodic acid
sulfuric acid
oxalic acid
nitrous acid
Ionic Compounds revisited
Transition metals can have multiple oxidation states
(more than one common charge)
Each of the common ions is listed on the ion sheet. We
just use roman numerals after the metal name to
distinguish the charge.
Fe+2 iron(II)
Fe+3 iron(III)
Cu+1 copper(I)
Cu+2 copper(II)
PbSO4
cobalt(II) nitrate
PbCl4
iron(III) dichromate
Nomenclature
Summary
H 1st - Acid, 3 types of naming H+1 and Nonmetal-x
-ide
hydro______ic acid
-ate
______ic acid
-ite
______ous acid
Metal 1st - Ionic compound - use ion sheets
Metal is positive ion, the rest is the negative ion
Make the compound neutral
Nonmetal 1st - Molecule (not ions!!!)
Use prefixes (memorize them!)
1st element keeps its name, 2nd element ending is ide
If use mono , only on the second atom