Naming and Writing Formulas
A Review Activity for Panther-Chemists
11/13/2010
What do you want to do?
• Determine whether a compound is ionic or
covalent
• Write a chemical formula given a word name
• Write a word name given a chemical formula
• Translate a chemical reaction from symbols to
words
• Translate a chemical reaction from words to
symbols
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• First, grab your periodic table and ion sheet.
When you are ready, you may continue…
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Find the zigzag line on your periodic table (it is
in the “p-block”)
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Recall that metals are located to the left of the
zigzag line
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• …and nonmetals are located to the left of the
zigzag
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• If a compound is made of a metal and
nonmetal, it is ionic; the metal ion always
appears first in a chemical name
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• If a compound is made of all nonmetals, it is
covalent
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Calcium chloride
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Calcium chloride Ionic
Cl
Ca
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Aluminum phosphate
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Aluminum phosphate Ionic
Al
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Carbon tetrachloride
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Carbon tetrachloride Covalent
C
Cl
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Mercury (II) sulfate
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Mercury (II) sulfate Ionic
Hg
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Ammonium chloride
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Ammonium chloride Ionic; because
ammonium is a positively charged ion
(polyatomic cation found on ion sheet)
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Disulfur pentoxide
11/13/2010
How to determine whether a
compound is ionic or covalent
• Practice Problems: Determine whether each
formula is ionic or covalent
• Disulfur pentoxide Covalent
O
S
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• First, grab your periodic table and ion sheet.
When you are ready, you may continue…
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Step 1: Determine whether the compound is
ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and
stop here. If ionic, continue through step 5.
[click here if you need a refresher on how to
decide whether a compound is ionic or
covalent]
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Step 1: Determine whether the compound is
ionic or covalent; if covalent, use prefixes and
stop here. If ionic, continue through step 5.
• Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually
after the first word
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Step 1: Determine whether the compound is
ionic or covalent; if covalent, use prefixes and
stop here. If ionic, continue through step 5.
• Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually
after the first word
• Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Step 1: Determine whether the compound is
ionic or covalent; if covalent, use prefixes and
stop here. If ionic, continue through step 5.
• Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually
after the first word
• Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
• Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Step 1: Determine whether the compound is
ionic or covalent; if covalent, use prefixes and
stop here. If ionic, continue through step 5.
• Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually
after the first word
• Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
• Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
• Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if
the formula can be reduced
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
• Ready for practice? Try to write the given
formulas. When you have an answer, click
through to check your work. Continue to the
next page…
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, barium, is a metal
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, barium, is a metal
• Step 2: barium / chloride
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, barium, is a metal
• Step 2: barium / chloride
• Step 3: Ba2+ / Cl- (note: use your periodic table to determine charges
of individual elements; use your ion sheet to write out polyatomic ions)
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, barium, is a metal
• Step 2: barium / chloride
• Step 3: Ba2+ / Cl- (note: use your periodic table to determine charges
of individual elements; use your ion sheet to write out polyatomic ions)
• Step 4:
2+
-
Ba Cl
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for barium chloride.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, barium, is a metal
• Step 2: barium / chloride
• Step 3: Ba2+ / Cl- (note: use your periodic table to determine charges
of individual elements; use your ion sheet to write out polyatomic ions)
• Step 4:
BaCl2
• Step 5:
Parenthesis are only needed when a polyatomic ion has a subscript
(number) greater than 1. The ion ratio 1Ba:2Cl can not be reduced.
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, copper, is a metal
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, copper, is a metal
• Step 2: copper (II) / sulfate
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, copper, is a metal
• Step 2: copper (II) / sulfate
• Step 3:
Cu2+ / SO42-
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, copper (II), is a metal
• Step 2: copper (II) / sulfate
• Step 3:
Cu2+ / SO42- (note: the Roman numeral (II) indicates the
charge of the copper ion, 2+; the ‘sulfate’ ion is on your ion sheet)
• Step 4:
2+
2-
Cu SO4
• Notice how nothing happened to the “4” on the sulfate ion. DO NOT
modify numbers that are AREADY there as subscripts (numbers on the
bottom) before the criss-cross (already there at Step 3 in ion form).
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for copper (II) sulfate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, copper (II), is a metal
• Step 2: copper (II) / sulfate
• Step 3:
Cu2+ / SO42- (note: the Roman numeral (II) indicates the
charge of the copper ion, 2+; the ‘sulfate’ ion is on your ion sheet)
• Step 4:
Cu2 ( SO4) 2
• Step 5: For now, you will need parenthesis around the sulfate ion because
it is a polyatomic ion that received a subscript greater than 1.
• Also, the ion ratio is 2Cu: 2 SO4 which can reduce to 1:1… now you can
remove the parenthesis
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for sulfur trioxide.
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for sulfur trioxide.
• Step 1: Covalent, because the formula contains all nonmetals… 1 sulfur
and three oxygens = SO3… no criss-crossing for covalent compounds.
1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, calcium, is a metal
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, calcium, is a metal
• Step 2: calcium / phosphate
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, calcium, is a metal
• Step 2: calcium / phosphate
• Step 3: Ca 2+ / PO43-
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, calcium, is a metal
• Step 2: calcium / phosphate
• Step 3: Ca 2+ / PO43• Step 4:
2+
3-
Ca PO4
11/13/2010
How to write a formula given a name
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Determine whether the compound is ionic or covalent ; if covalent, use prefixes and stop here. If ionic, continue
through step 5.
Step 2: Split name into two pieces, usually after the first word
Step 3: Write the ions for each piece
Step 4: Drop + and – signs, then criss-cross
Step 5: Add parenthesis if needed and see if the formula can be reduced
PRACTICE PROBLEMS: Write the formula for calcium phosphate.
• Step 1: Ionic, because the first part of the name, calcium, is a metal
• Step 2: calcium / phosphate
• Step 3: Ca 2+ / PO43• Step 4:
Ca 3 (PO4) 2
• Step 5: Because phosphate is a polyatomic ion that received a subscript
greater than 1, use parenthesis.
The ion ratio is 3Ca: 2PO4; you can not reduce this ratio.
11/13/2010
How to write a name from a formula
• First, grab your periodic table and ion sheet.
When you are ready, you may continue…
11/13/2010
How to write a name from a formula
• Step 1: Determine whether the formula is
ionic or covalent [if you need help with this
step, click here]
• Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion).
First ion gets its ‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –
ide if monatomic, or is found on anion side of ion sheet if
polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name Cu(OH)2
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name Cu(OH)2
• Step 1: Ionic
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name Cu(OH)2
• Step 1: Ionic
• Step 2: Cu / (OH)2
• First part is named ‘COPPER’
• Second part is found on anion side of ion sheet, called ‘HYDROXIDE’
• According to cations on ion sheet, copper needs a Roman numeral (can be I or II)
• Backwards criss-cross to determine original ion charges in order to identify correct
Roman numeral
+
• Check anion on ion sheet Cu(OH)
2
to verify ions are correct
• Copper used to have 2+ charge, therefore, this is copper (II) hydroxide
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name NO2
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name NO2
• Step 1: Covalent
• Step 2: Do not use the prefix ‘mono’ for first element… 1N = nitrogen; 2O =
dioxide… therefore, this is nitrogen dioxide
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name N2O5
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name N2O5
• Step 1: Covalent
• Step 2: Do not use the prefix ‘mono’ for first element… 1N = nitrogen; 2O =
dioxide… therefore, this is nitrogen dioxide
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name FePO4
• Step 1: Ionic
• Step 2: Fe / PO4
• First part is named ‘IRON’
• Second part is found on anion side of ion sheet, called ‘PHOSPHATE’
• According to cations on ion sheet, iron needs a Roman numeral (can be II or III)
• Backwards criss-cross to determine original ion charges … note there
are no
When a polyatomic ion DOES NOT have
parenthesis, you MAY NOT move its
parenthesis around phosphate so the 4 stays in place: Fe / PO4
subscript for a backwards criss-cross!
• Check anion on ion sheet to verify ions are correct… phosphate’s charge of 3- must
have cancelled out… the original formula must have looked like this: Fe3(PO4)3
• Iron used to have 3+ charge, therefore, this is iron (III) phosphate
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name Al2O3
11/13/2010
•
•
How to write a name from a formula
Step 1: Determine whether the formula is ionic or covalent
Step 2: Apply appropriate naming rules…
-If covalent, use prefixes except for ‘mono’ on first element
-If ionic, split formula into 2 pieces (usually split after first ion). First ion gets its
‘regular’ name… 2nd ion changes ending to –ide if monatomic, or is found on anion
side of ion sheet if polyatomic. Check cations on ion sheet for Roman numerals.
Practice problem: Name Al2O3
• Step 1: Ionic
• Step 2: Al2 / O3
• First ion is called ‘Aluminum’
• Second ion is monatomic so it changes its ending to –ide… ‘oxide’
• Aluminum does not need a Roman numeral according to the cations on the ion
sheet
• Therefore, this is called aluminum oxide
11/13/2010
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
• First, grab your periodic table and ion sheet.
When you are ready, you may continue…
11/13/2010
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
• Step 1: Make sure the reaction is balanced. If it is not
balanced, take a minute to balance it.
• Step 2: Recall that coefficients in a reaction indicate the
number of moles. When there are ‘invisible 1’ coefficients,
translate them as “one mole of…”
• Step 3: States of matter generally sound best written before a
compound; except for ‘gas’, which sounds best after a
compound
• Step 4: Review naming rules if you need a refresher
• Common symbols:
(s) = solid
(l) = liquid
(g) or (↑) = gas
(ppt) or (↓) = precipitate
11/13/2010
→ = produces; yields; reacts to form; etc.
∆
→
= when heated, produces…
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water; solution)
•
•
•
•
•
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
Step 1: Make sure the reaction is balanced. If it is not balanced, take a minute to balance it.
Step 2: Recall that coefficients in a reaction indicate the number of moles. When there are ‘invisible 1’ coefficients, translate
them as “one mole of…”
Step 3: States of matter generally sound best written before a compound; except for ‘gas’, which sounds best after a
compound
Step 4: Review naming rules if you need a refresher
Common symbols:
(s) = solid
→ = produces; yields; reacts to form; etc.
∆ = when heated, produces…
(l) = liquid
→
(g) or (↑) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water; solution)
(ppt) or (↓) = precipitate
Practice Problem: Translate 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3 (s)
11/13/2010
•
•
•
•
•
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
Step 1: Make sure the reaction is balanced. If it is not balanced, take a minute to balance it.
Step 2: Recall that coefficients in a reaction indicate the number of moles. When there are ‘invisible 1’ coefficients, translate
them as “one mole of…”
Step 3: States of matter generally sound best written before a compound; except for ‘gas’, which sounds best after a
compound
Step 4: Review naming rules if you need a refresher
Common symbols:
(s) = solid
→ = produces; yields; reacts to form; etc.
∆ = when heated, produces…
(l) = liquid
→
(g) or (↑) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water; solution)
(ppt) or (↓) = precipitate
Practice Problem: Translate 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3 (s)
• Step 1: balanced
• Step 2, 3, 4:
Four moles solid iron plus three moles oxygen gas produce two moles solid iron
(III) oxide.
11/13/2010
•
•
•
•
•
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
Step 1: Make sure the reaction is balanced. If it is not balanced, take a minute to balance it.
Step 2: Recall that coefficients in a reaction indicate the number of moles. When there are ‘invisible 1’ coefficients, translate
them as “one mole of…”
Step 3: States of matter generally sound best written before a compound; except for ‘gas’, which sounds best after a
compound
Step 4: Review naming rules if you need a refresher
Common symbols:
(s) = solid
→ = produces; yields; reacts to form; etc.
∆ = when heated, produces…
(l) = liquid
→
(g) or (↑) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water; solution)
(ppt) or (↓) = precipitate
Practice Problem: Translate C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
11/13/2010
•
•
•
•
•
How to translate a chemical reaction
from symbols to words
Step 1: Make sure the reaction is balanced. If it is not balanced, take a minute to balance it.
Step 2: Recall that coefficients in a reaction indicate the number of moles. When there are ‘invisible 1’ coefficients, translate
them as “one mole of…”
Step 3: States of matter generally sound best written before a compound; except for ‘gas’, which sounds best after a
compound
Step 4: Review naming rules if you need a refresher
Common symbols:
(s) = solid
→ = produces; yields; reacts to form; etc.
∆ = when heated, produces…
(l) = liquid
→
(g) or (↑) = gas
(aq) = aqueous (dissolved in water; solution)
(ppt) or (↓) = precipitate
Practice Problem: Translate C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)
• Step 1: balanced
• Step 2, 3, 4:
One mole solid sugar plus nine moles oxygen gas react to form six moles carbon
dioxide gas and six moles water vapor.
• It is OK to use the common name of familiar chemicals like sugar, water, ammonia
(NH3), etc.
11/13/2010
How to translate a chemical reaction
from words to symbols
• First, grab your periodic table and ion sheet.
When you are ready, you may continue…
11/13/2010
How to translate a chemical reaction
from words to symbols
• Step 1: It is helpful to circle or underline
chemical formulas first
• Step 2: Translate chemical names to formulas;
review naming rules if you need a refresher;
remember that HONFIBrCl make diatomic
molecules when they are not in a compound
• Step 3: States of matter are always written
after the chemical formula
• Step 4: Balance the reaction
11/13/2010
How to translate a chemical reaction
from words to symbols
•
•
•
•
Step 1: It is helpful to circle or underline chemical formulas first
Step 2: Translate chemical names to formulas; review naming rules if you need a refresher;
remember that HONFIBrCl make diatomic molecules when they are not in a compound
Step 3: States of matter are always written after the chemical formula
Step 4: Balance the reaction
KClO3
Practice problem: Solid potassium chlorate, when heated,
decomposes to produce liquid potassium chloride and oxygen
gas.
KCl
O2
• Step 1: Circle chemical formulas
• Step 2: Translate names to formulas
∆
• Step 3: KClO3(s) →
KCl(l) + O2(g)
∆
• Step 4: 2KClO3(s) →
2KCl(l) + 3O2(g)
11/13/2010