Unit 4 Study Guide
1. What injury could repetitive hyperextension of the spine lead to?
2. Which region of the spine is responsible for the least amount of flexion and extension?
3. How many vertebrae are in the spine?
4. List 3 strategies to reduce low back pain while sleeping?
5. List 3 strategies to reduce low back pain while sitting?
6. What is the outer layer of an intervertebral disk called?
7. What is the inner layer of an intervertebral disk called?
8. What muscle runs the entire length of the spine and is the major muscle responsible for back
extension?
9. What injury results in the athlete not being able to use his arm, transient numbness, tingling, or
burning unilaterally, and the symptoms resolve shortly?
10. Sciatica refers to an injury to which structure?
11. Which region of the spine has the greatest amount of motion and therefore is the hardest to protect
making it most at risk for injury?
12. What region of the spine is responsible for the majority of weight bearing?
13. Which lumbar vertebrae is most likely to slip as a result of a spondylolisthesis?
14. Name the special test for a brachial plexus neuropraxia?
15. Name the special test for an occlusion in the vertebral artery? What would be observed during a
positive test?
16. The cervical compression and distraction test is indicative of what type of injury?
17. Fill in the following Chart
Nerve
Dermatome
Movement
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
S1
S2
18. What is the medical term for “getting the wind knocked out of you”?
19. What condition predisposes an athlete to an injury to the spleen?
20. What type of hernia is most common for a male? Female?
21. What is the recommended treatment for a hernia?
22. Blood in the urine could be a sign of what injury?
23. What is a Kehr’s sign? What does it indicate?
24. What does pain and rigidity at McBurney’s point indicate?
25. Which internal organ is at most risk of injury?
26. What is the function of the kidneys?
27. What is the largest internal organ?
28. What are two functions of the liver?
29. What is the function of the pancreas?
30. Draw the 4 abdominal quadrants and list two organs that belong in each quadrant?
31. What muscles are responsible for inspiration?
32. List 3 signs and symptoms of shock?
Reflex
33. List 5 signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?
34. Which portions of the spine curve in the same direction?
35. What is a hernia?
36. What are the solid organs of the abdominal cavity?
37. Which kidney is situated lower?
38. What specific level of the spine does the spinal cord stop?
39. What substance causes gallstones?