IEX8175 RF Electronics
Avo Ots
telekommunikatsiooni õppetool,
TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.
avo.ots@ttu.ee
1
Hierarchical QoS
MPLS VPN
Internet
Cust n
VoIP
Cust 4
VideoConf
VideoStream
Data p1
Data p2
Customer
# 1 VLAN
Cust 3
MPLS
Tunnel
GigE
Cust 2
Cust 1
Internet
2
Uni- and Bi-directional
A
F
A
A-C
B
A-C
F
B
C-A
C-A
E
C
D
Uni-directional Ring
(1 fiber)
E
C
D
Bi-directional Ring
(2 fibers)
3
Kiudoptika & DWDM
(Timeslots)
(OC12,48,192)
Wavelengths
(Multi Tbps)
Wavebands
Fibers (100+)
Cable
• Wavelengths can be timedivision multiplexed into a
series of aggregated
connections
• Sets of wavelengths can
be spaced into wavebands
• Switching can be done by
wavebands or wavelengths
• 1 Cable can do multi
terabits/sec
4
Internet
Data
Center
SONET
SONET
DWD
M
DWD
M
SONET
SONET
Access
Metro
Long Haul
Metro
Access
5
Protocol and Services
New
Services
Handle
Protocol
Internet
Access
Access
6
Traffic & Network Engineering
• Traffic engineering (TE)
– Put the traffic where the bandwidth is
– (Sub-)second/minute time scale
• Network Engineering (NwE)
– Put the bandwidth where the traffic is or is soon expected to be
– 15 minute/hour/day/week time scale
• Network Planning (NP)
– Put the equipment, fibers and bandwidth where the traffic is
expected to be [in the future]
– Month/quarter/year time scale
year
quarter
month
Network
Planning
week
day
hour
Network
Engineering
15 min
minute
second
0
Traffic
Engineering
7
Traffic Engineering (TE)
• The process concerned with optimally routing of signals
over existing links in a layer network
– More specific: Optimally assigning available bandwidth to requests
(to the network) for bandwidth.
• It is an intra layer network process
• TE process in each layer network
– discovers the links created by network planning and engineering
– advertises the links and their bandwidth utilisation
– manages (set-up, release, modify) connections in the layer network;
i.e. processes incoming calls for native and client connections
– restores high grade connections on signal fail [or signal degrade] of
the connection
• It is implemented by the Sub Network Controllers within
the layer network
8
Network Engineering
• The process concerned with optimally selecting topology
and bandwidth in a layer network, based on
– (pro-active) traffic demands expected between any two locations in the
network and
– (re-active) the actual traffic demand
• It is an inter layer network process
• NwE process in each layer network
– advertises the nodes and their ports within the layer network
– monitors the layer network and determines if/when a new (topological)
link should be added or an existing link should be modified or
released, based on the network provider's policy
– determines best set of connections between ports in the layer network
– requests those connections to be set up by its server layer networks;
i.e. generates outgoing calls for client connections
• It is implemented by the (distributed) Network Engineering
Controllers (NEC) within the layer network
9
Interfaces - Layer Networks
LOVC PN
UNI
LOVC
Link
LOVC VPN #1
I-NNI
LOVC VPN #2
I-NNI
STM-N
Physical
Interface
PC
HOVC Permanent
Connection
[non-switched]
HOVC
Link
HOVC PN
UNI
I-NNI
Component Link
HOVC VPN
PN: Public Network
VPN: Virtual Private Network
10
Ressursijaotus
Dedicated Bandwidth Circuits
Actual Data Rate
Usage vs. Time
Sum of Aggregate Bandwidth
Much Less Wasted Bandwidth
Mbps
Mbps
Dedicated Transport &
Transfer Rate In Network
Shared Bandwidth Circuits
Time
Time
Wasted Bandwidth
Multiple Data Customers in
Shared Trunk Bandwidth
11
Links
http://www.packetizer.com/voip/ams/papers/ams_project_
description.pdf
http://www.brynosaurus.com/pub/net/p2pnat/
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1700.txt?number=1700
http://www.juniper.net/
http://www.juniper.net/solutions/literature/white_pa
pers/200161.pdf
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