Media
Division of media
Media
Television
Radio
Newspapers, magazines
Introduction
Television viewing: 3.5 hours/day
(including videotapes)
97+% of Britain’s households: ownership
of a color television
73%: ownership of a videocassette
recorder (VCR)
A radio/home
70%: listening to radio on a daily basis.
UK Television
1 The BBC networks
2 The commercial networks
3 Cable
4 Digital
5 Teletext and interactive
services
6 Regulation
British National broadcasters:
Public broadcasting
 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation)
 2 national television channels (with national and regional subdivisions)
 5 national radio stations
 Cable and digital TV channels
 40+ local radio stations
 Global enterprises in both television and radio, & a broadcast
monitoring service
 Europe's most visited content web site
BBC
Channels: BBC One, BBC Two, BBC
Three, BBC Four, CBBC, CBeebies, BBC
News 24 and BBC Parliament
Platform: digital (all) & analogue (BBC 1
& BBC 2)
Fund: television licence (also P242)
Global broadcasting: BBC World, BBC
Food and BBC Prime
British National broadcasters:
Private broadcasting
Independent Television ITV (the Channel 3
companies): 15 regionally based franchisees —
local and national (network) services; GMTV—a
breakfast network service; 2 companies—Carlton
and Granada (12 franchises)
Channel 4: hybrid public service, minority interest
service; revenue—advertising sales (Wales, Sianel
Pedwar Cymru [S4C])
Channel 5: A fifth terrestrial channel: April 1997; a
commercial operation carrying advertising
The main channels
 BBC 1 - since 1936, general interest programmes.
 BBC 2 - minority and specialist interests.
 ITV – (Channel 3 since 1955) approximately 33%
informative and 66% light entertainment.
 Channel 4 - since 1982, 15% educational programmes,
encourages innovation and experiment.
 Channel 5 – since 1997
The content of BBC1-BBC2 programming for 2002-2003
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News
Current affairs
Drama
Comedy
Entertainment
Arts and music
Factual
Learning
Sport
Religion
Events
Children’s –
BBC1
BBC2
570 h.
80 h.
100 h.
230 h.
200 h.
500 h.
430 h.
80-120 h.
20 h.
400 h.
100 h.
10 Greatest British TV programmes
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Fawlty Towers BBC2 1975-1979
Cathy Come Home (The Wednesday Play) BBC1 1966
Doctor Who BBC1 1963-1989, 1996, 2005The Naked Civil Servant ITV 1975
Monty Python's Flying Circus BBC2 1969-1974
Blue Peter BBC1 1958Boys from the Blackstuff BBC2 1982
Parkinson BBC1/ITV 1971-1982, 1998-2007
Yes Minister / Yes, Prime Minister BBC2 1980-1988
 Brideshead Revisited ITV 1981
Who Regulates BBC & ITV?
Before 29 December 2003: The
Broadcasting Standards Commission
After: Ofcom, the Office of Communications
Ofcom: programme content and quality;
code of conduct for advertisers
BBC: self-regulating; but also under the
influence of Ofcom
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
What should they be?
 The Broadcasting Act 1990: standards of
decency, accuracy in news coverage, and
balanced presentations of controversial topics,
encouraging more competition
 The Broadcasting Act 1996: new digital
technologies in broadcasting
Basic Principles for Broadcasting
 Impartial and neutral in dealing with
social and political affairs (p244)
 Entertaining, informing and educating
the nation ( p250 )
 In one evening of visual and emotional
splendor, he educated, enlightened and
entertained us all. In doing so, Zhang
secured himself a place in world history.
(by Steven Spielberg)
Radio
The BBC national radio networks
BBC World Service Radio
Independent national radio services
(classical music, rock music, and talk
radio), 240+ independent local radio
services
Type of
station
Total
Analogue Analogue
analog
MW (AM) FM (VHF) 1
ue
DAB
Digital
Radio
Total
analogue
and DAB1
Local
59
commercial
213
2722
159
289
UK-wide
2
commercial
1
3
8
8
BBC UKwide
networks
4
5
11
11
BBC Local
36
and Nations
46
46
32
46
Total
264
326
210
354
1
98
The most popular British radio
stations
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Clare FM
Anna Livia
Live 95
Welsh Radio International
Imperial College radio
Capital FM
BBC Radio 2
The Press
Introduction (P257)
The 18th and 19th centuries:
industrialisation
The 18th century:
newspaper readership -- the upper classes
and wealthier sections of the middle class
a great deal of govern-mental control
The French Revolution (1789): ideas of
social reform and social justice
The Trade Unions
Types of Newspapers -- Range
10 major national dailies papers + 10 major
Sunday papers + 2,000 smaller weeklies
Also: Provincial Mornings , Local Evenings,
Local weeklies, Political Press, Community
Press, etc
Historically grouped into
mass market tabloids: (eg The Sun)
middle-market tabloids (eg the Daily Mail)
quality broadsheets (eg The Times)
Mass market tabloids
The Sun, Daily Star, Daily Sport
Page Three Girl
'StarBirds'
Close link with the porno industry
Middle market tabloids
Daily Mail, Daily Express
A very different readership - that of affluent
women
Weekend supplements, sports supplements
The Daily Mail:
Right-wing agenda
Former owner Lord Northcliffe: its formula is
to give his readers a 'daily hate‘.
Quality Broadsheets—and Quality Compacts
The Times, UK’s oldest national newspaper,
not the most popular
The Daily Telegraph (the Daily Torygraph)
The Independent, The Guardian, The
Financial Times
Tabloid? Broadsheet?
October 2003, quality broadsheet The
Independent: a compact edition - tabloid
sized - along with the main broadsheet
sized newspaper—sales: up by 20%
The Times: compact form
Now: both exclusively available in compact
form
The Guardian: a mid-size format between
tabloid and broadsheet—the 'Berliner'
Circulation
5.00
4.22
4.00
3.16
3.00
1.76
2.00
1.64
1.13 1.13
1.00
0.00
0.44 0.44 0.39
SUN
MIRROR
MAIL EXPRESS EXPRESSTELEGRAPH
GUARDIANTHE TIMES
INDEPENDENT
Circulation of some National Dailies
Tabloid? Broadsheet?
Sales: mass-market tabloids↑ 4 four
times -- the broadsheets↓
‘The London Times’? Never existed
(the title)
The Daily Telegraph may go tabloid.
Should it?
Who Reads What? (P261) Why?
Social class
Political stance
Educational background
Personal concern
Personal interest
British Newspapers—political learning
The Daily Telegraph (daily quality newspaper):
http://www.telegraph.co.uk
The Daily Mail (daily mid-market newspaper):
http://www.dailymail.co.uk
The Financial Times (daily quality newspaper):
http://www.ft.com
The Times (daily quality newspaper):
http://www.timesonline.co.uk
The Sunday Times (weekly quality newspaper):
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk
The Sun (daily popular newspaper):
http://www.thesun.co.uk
The Independent (daily quality newspaper):
http://www.independent.co.uk
The Daily Mirror (daily popular newspaper):
http://www.mirror.co.uk
The Guardian (daily quality newspaper):
http://www.guardian.co.uk
Conservative
Liberal-socialist
The Code of Advertising Practice
 Advertising in the press has to conform to certain
standards of the Code of Advertising Practice.
 The Code’s basic principles require adverts to be:
 legal , honest and truthful
 to observe a sense of responsibility to the
consumer and society
 to conform to the principles of fair competition
as generally accepted in business
snapshot + paparazzi
Paparazzi
Snaparazzi
BBC article definition
 -- The word 'paparazzi' is used to describe
celebrity photographer
 -- The term paparazzi word is derived from
the name of a character called Paparazzo in
Federico Fellini's La Dolce Vita (1960).
 -- After the movie was released, the word
paparazzi became synonymous with intrusive
photographers who chase the stars.
 -- The word 'paparazzi' literally means
'buzzing insects'.
Citizen paparazzi, cameraphone
paparazzi—their power
 Anyone, anytime, anywhere
 "Armed with cameraphones, any ordinary
Joe can become a paparazzo. (The Guardian)
 where cameras used to be precluded
 Cash incentives
 Mounting number of pictures (accidents,
robberies, etc.)
 Snappies, Nokia Nazis
Platform usage
 http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/A
n_introduction_to_UK_television
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Greatest_British
_Television_Programmes
 http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/A
n_introduction_to_radio_in_the_UK
 http://www.mediauk.com/the_knowledge/i.muk/A
n_introduction_to_newspapers_in_the_UK
 http://www.textually.org/picturephoning/archives/
cat_paparazzi.htm