Types of Long-Term Memory
“Types of long-term memory: episodic,
semantic, procedural”
Types of Long-Term Memory
AO1
Recall the three types of long-term
memory as described by Tulving (1985).
AO2
Apply knowledge of the types of LTM to
understand the case of Clive Wearing
AO3
Evaluate episodic, semantic and
procedural types of memories by using
scientific evidence
Reading
Learning people’s names
How to write a PEEL
paragraph
Your first day of school
Writing
Learning to swim
How to make scrambled eggs
Definition of ‘normative social influence’
Concept of ‘love’
Riding a bike
Episodic Memory
Create your own definition of ‘episodic memory’
using the following words:
• Events
• Experienced
• Conscious thought
• Declarative
• Time-stamped
Give example
Episodic Memory
Episodic memory is a part of the long-term
memory responsible for storing information
about events (i.e. episodes) that we have
experienced in our lives. It involves conscious
thought because you have to make a conscious
effort to remember it and is declarative. These
memories are ‘time-stamped’ and you remember
when they happened. An example would be a
memory of our 1st day at school.
Semantic Memory
Create your own definition of ‘semantic memory’
using the following words:
• Information
• World
• Meaning
• Knowledge
• Conscious thought
Example
Semantic Memory
Semantic memory is a part of the long-term
memory responsible for storing information
about the world. This includes knowledge about
the meaning of words, as well as general
knowledge. For example, London is the capital
of England. It involves conscious thought and is
mostly declarative.
Procedural Memory
Create your own definition of ‘procedural
memory’ using the following words:
• How to do things, i.e. memory of motor skills.
• Unconscious
• Automatic
• Not declarative
Give example
Procedural Memory
Procedural memory is a part of the long-term
memory is responsible for knowing how to do
things, i.e. memory of motor skills. It does not
involve conscious (i.e. it’s unconscious automatic) thought and is not declarative. For
example, procedural memory would involve
knowledge of how to ride a bicycle.
Compare and contrast
Explain one difference between
semantic memory and procedural
memory (2 marks)
What are the types of long term
memory?
Give an example of an episodic
memory
Explain what is meant by
episodic memory.
Explain what is meant by
semantic memory.
Give an example of procedural
memory
Clive Wearing
Ext: Which type of long-term memory do you think Clive Wearing has lost?
How do the following provide evidence
different types of long term memory:
How do the following provide evidence
different types of long term memory:
How do the following provide evidence
different types of long term memory:
How do the following provide evidence different
types of long term memory:
Clinical evidence
Real life application
Neuroimaging evidence
Real life
application
(Point) Being able to identify different aspects of LTM allows
psychologists to target certain kinds of memory in order to improve
people’s lives. (Evidence) Belleville et al. (2006) demonstrated that
episodic memories could be improved in older people who had mild
cognitive impairment. (Elaboration) Trained participants performed
better on an episodic memory test after training when compared to a
control group. (Link) ….
Neuroimaging
evidence
(Point) Evidence from brain scan studies suggests
that different parts of the brain are associated with
the storage of different types of memory.
(Evidence) Tulving et al. (1994) asked participants
to perform various memory tasks while their brains
were scanned using a PET scanner. (Elaborate)
What did Tulving find? (Link) How does Tulving’s
findings support the point being made here?
Clinical evidence
(Point), (Evidence), (Elaboration)
(Link) This evidence supports Tulving’s view that there are
different memory stores in LTM because one store can be
damaged and the others can be affected. This is clear evidence
that not only are these types of memories different, but that
they are stored in different parts of the brain.