Mitosis/Meiosis Study Guide
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Increase size : Volume increases faster than Surface Area
If Surface Area increases by 100x then volume increases by 100x.
What do large cells have trouble doing? Moving materials in and out of the cell.
Cell Division: provides each daughter cell with its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA,
increases the surface area of the original cell, reduces the original cell’s volume,
In a normal cell: replicate all of the DNA before it divdes.
Cell Cycle phases: G1, S, G2, M phase.
The cell grows during Interphase.
Interphase is the longest phase of the Cell Cycle.
DNA replicates during the S phase.
Cell division officially ends after Cytokinesis, but since it is a continuous cycle it never
really ends.
The size of the cell does not increase during G2.
Define: Centromere, centriole, chromatid, spindle
Phases of Mitosis: PMAT ( Pro, Meta, Ana, Telo)…In order from 1st-last.
Chromosomes line up across the middle of the dividing cell during Metaphase.
Spindle:helps separate the chromosome
Right after a bone breaks, cells at the edge of the injury begin to divide rapidly.
Contact inhibition:when cells come in contact with each other they stop growing, the
controls on cell growth and division can be turned on and off, cell division can be
regulated by factors outside of the cell (external regulators)
If cytoplasm from a cell that is undergoing mitosis is injected into a cell that is in
interphase, the second cell will enter mitosis too.
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle…BUT, growth factors and p53 can
regulate the cell cycle too.
Cancer affect multicellular organisms. Their cells have lost their ability to control their
growth rate and can forma masses of cells called Tumors.
If a cell had a defective p53 gene it is likely to accumulate chromosomal damage.
Define: independent assortment, tetrads and crossing-over
Chromosomes form tetrads during Prophase I of meiosis.
Diploid=2n, haploid=1n, therefore if an organism’s diploid number s 16 then it’s haploid
number is 8.
Gametes are produced by the process of meiosis.
Meiosis is a reduction division…replication does not occur between meiosis I and
meiosis II.
Mitosis forms diploid cells; Meiosis forms haploid cells.
Mitosis=two genetically identical cells
Meiosis=4 genetically different cells.
Increase size :
Volume
increases
faster than
Surface Area
DNA replicates during
the S phase.
Right after a
bone breaks,
cells at the
edge of the
injury begin to
divide rapidly.
Interphase is the
longest phase of
the Cell Cycle.
Cell division
officially ends
after
Cytokinesis,
but since it is
a continuous
cycle it never
really ends.
If Surface Area
increases by
100x then
volume
increases by
100x.
The cell grows
during
Interphase.
Define:
Centromere,
centriole,
chromatid, spindle
The size of the
cell does not
increase
during G2.
Cell Cycle
phases: G1, S,
G2, M phase.
What do large
cells have
trouble doing?
Moving
materials in
and out of the
cell.
Phases of Mitosis:
PMAT ( Pro, Meta,
Ana, Telo)…In order
from 1st-last.
In a normal
cell: replicate
all of the DNA
before it
divdes.
Chromosomes
line up across
the middle of
the dividing
cell during
Metaphase.
Spindle: helps
separate the
chromosome
Cell Division:
provides each
daughter cell with
its own copy of the
parent cell’s DNA,
increases the
surface area of the
original cell,
reduces the original
cell’s volume,
Contact
inhibition:
when cells
come in
contact with
each other
they stop
growing, the
controls on
cell growth
and division
can be turned
on and off,
Cancer affects
multicellular
organisms.
Their cells
have lost their
ability to
control their
growth rate
and can forma
masses of cells
called Tumors.
Gametes are
produced by
the process of
meiosis.
Meiosis=4
genetically
different cells.
cell division
can be
regulated by
factors
outside of the
cell (external
regulators)
Define:
independent
assortment,
tetrads and
crossing-over
If a cell had a
defective p53
gene it is likely
to accumulate
chromosomal
damage.
Cyclins are
proteins that
regulate the
cell
cycle…BUT,
growth factors
and p53 can
regulate the
cell cycle too.
Cancer affect
multicellular
organisms.
Their cells
have lost their
ability to
control their
growth
Mitosis=two
genetically
identical cells
Mitosis forms
diploid cells;
Meiosis forms
haploid cells.
Chromosomes
form tetrads
during
Prophase I of
meiosis.
Meiosis is a
reduction
division…replication
does not occur
between meiosis I
and meiosis II.
If cytoplasm
from a cell
that is
undergoing
mitosis is
injected into a
cell that is in
interphase,
the second cell
will enter
mitosis too.
Diploid=2n,
haploid=1n,
therefore if an
organism’s diploid
number s 16 then
it’s haploid number
is 8.