Tues. 1/21
• Set up Quarter 3 INBs today!!!
• Qtr.3 Materials will be checked tomorrow
– New Notebook (70 page spiral)
– Highlighter
– Glue Stick or Tape
– Colored Pencils
Set up new Qtr.3 notebook today
• Pg.1= Student info page  3rd quarter
• Pg.2-3 = Quarter 3 table of contents
• # pages all the way to 100
Pg 1-Student info page
Biology
Quarter 3
Your Name
Personalize
your title page
with 3 pictures
and 3 colors.
If found please return to Mrs.DellaMora,
Durango H.S. Room 912
Science Interactive Notebook
Setup
2
Table of Contents
Page #
5
7
9
11
13
15
Title
3
Page #
Continue numbering by
2’s down the page then
start at the top of the
next page.
Title
Interactive Notebook (INB) SetUp
• First, number every single page front and back, starting
with the very first page as #1.
• Put numbers on top outside corner, away from the spiral.
• Number to pg 100
Even #
Odd #
Pg.5 (skip pg.4)
Title page for Chapter 9
• Chapter # and title
• 3 colors
• 3 pictures
• 3 keywords
Pg.10-11 (skip ahead to the correct pages)
Chp.9 3-Column Vocab
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Trait
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
True-breeding
Dominant
Recessive
7. Allele
8. Genotype
9. Phenotype
10.Homozygous
11.Heterozygous
Wed 1/22
• Qtr.3 Materials Check Today
• Meiosis Notes & Activity
In: pg.6
Humans have 46 chromosomes in
their body cells.
1. What is the diploid # (2n) for humans?
2. What is the haploid # (1n) of this
organism?
• Diploid (2n) = the number of
chromosomes in a normal body cell.
• Haploid (1n) = half the diploid # = the
number of chromosomes in a gamete
(sex cell).
Pg.7
Cornell Notes: Meiosis
Human Chromosomes
• 23 pairs (46 total)
• Autosomes = 22 pairs (44
total)
• Sex Chromosomes = 1 pair (2
total)
• Pair of autosomes called
– Homologous chromosomes
• Same size and shape
• Have same gene locations
• One from mother, one from
father
Karyotype:
Photomicrograph of
chromosomes
Meiosis
• Start: 1 diploid (2n)
parent cell
• End: 4 haploid
(1n) daughter cells
– Called gametes
(sex cells) -egg
and sperm.
• How: Cells divide
twice —meiosis I
and meiosis II.
Meiosis
• Occurs in
reproductive
organs.
• Allows for the
creation of
genetically unique
cells.
Crossing-Over
Finish Cornell Notes
• 3 Questions
• 3-sentence summary
Meiosis Activity (Flow Chart)
• http://www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanama
ker/animations/meiosis.html
• Get out half sheet of paper
• Complete flow chart as you view the
animation, include diagrams at each step
• Glue in as an extender on pg.7
Homework
• Finish Quarter 3 Student Info page &
numbering
• Finish Chapter 9 title page
Out – pg.6
Complete the following summary:
_______ creates 4 genetically unique
cells called ________, each has _____
the number of chromosomes as somatic or
body cells.
Thur.1/23
• Objective:
• Apply Mendel’s Laws of heredity in solving
genetic problems.
• calculate the ratios of inheritance patterns by
constructing punnett squares involving single alleles,
multiple alleles, monohybrid crosses, dihybrid crosses,
incomplete dominance, and codominance.
• Chp.9 Notes & Vocab
In: Pg.8
1. What are some traits that you
inherited from your mom?
2. From your dad?
Pg.9
Set up Cornell Notes
Title them:
Chp.9-Fundamentals of Genetics
What is the difference between
heredity and genetics?
• Heredity
– Is the passing of
characteristics from parents
to offspring.
• Genetics
– Genetics is the study
heredity!
– Based on the work of
Gregor Mendel.
Gregor Mendel (1822 – 1884)
• Austrian Monk
• Studied the inheritance
of traits in pea plants
(Pisum sativum)
• Work was not
recognized until the
20th century.
• Known as the “Father
of Genetics”
• Noticed that pea
plants had traits
that they passed
on to offspring.
• Wanted to study
the PATTERN of
this inheritance of
these traits.
Mendel’s
Experiment
• Cross pollinated
pairs of plants
that always
produced purple
flowers with
ones that always
produced white
flowers.
Mendel’s Generations:
• Parental generation (P) – cross two different truebreeding plants
• F1 generation (First filial) – offspring from the P1
cross
• F2 generation (2nd filial generation) – offspring
produced when F1 self fertilizes
Three Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
Cross of P
generation
Cross- pollination
of true breeding
tall and short
plants
Offspring of P
Offspring of F1
All tall plants
3 Tall & 1 Short
Mendel’s Conclusions:
1.Recessive and Dominant traits:
• Dominant trait =
–trait always shows up if present
• Recessive trait =
–1 trait can be hidden by the dominant
factor
2. Law of Segregation =
– each parent has 2 alleles for each trait.
– They only give 1 of these alleles to each
offspring.
3. Law of Independent Assortment =
– The inheritance of one trait doesn’t
affect the inheritance of a different trait.
Summary
• Gene = part of a chromosome that codes for
one protein.
• Allele = different versions of a gene
• Dominant allele = shows up if present.
• Recessive allele = shows up only if
dominant trait is not present.
• Genotype = the 2
alleles (genes) that are
on the chromosomes.
– Homozygous = both
alleles are the same
• Homozygous dominant
(TT)
• Homozygous recessive
(tt)
– Heterozygous = the
alleles are different (Tt)
• Phenotype = the
physical expression of
the genotype.
Three Steps of Mendel’s Experiment
T=tall t=short
Cross of P
generation
Offspring of P
Offspring of F1
All tall plants
3 Tall & 1 Short
Cross- pollination
of true breeding
tall and short
plants
TTxtt
TtxTt
TT,Tt,Tt,tt
Pg.10-11
Chp.9 3-Column Vocab
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Trait
Self-pollination
Cross-pollination
True-breeding
Dominant
Recessive
7. Allele
8. Genotype
9. Phenotype
10.Homozygous
11.Heterozygous
Homework
• Get your INB setup (if necessary).
• Finish 3 column vocab.
Out – pg.8
• Why is Gregor Mendel known as
the Father of Genetics?
Fri.1/24
• Objective: Apply Mendel’s Laws of
heredity in solving genetic problems.
In: Pg.12
Should This Dog Be Called Spot?
Review
• Genotype = the 2 alleles
that are on an
individual’s
chromosomes.
– Homozygous = both
alleles are the same
• Homozygous dominant
(TT,SS, AA)
• Homozygous recessive
(tt,ss,aa)
– Heterozygous = the
alleles are different
• Phenotype = the
physical expression of
the genotype.
Analysis Questions:
Pg.13 – Human Traits Activity
Trait
Your
Your
1.On the chart, how did you
phenotype
POSSIBLE
differentiate between dominant
genotype(s)
Widow’s
and recessive alleles when
peak
writing out the genotypes?
Finger
weaving
2.What is the difference between Cleft chin
genotype and phenotype?
Dimples
3.For which phenotypes were you
Freckles
able to be sure you had the
Hitchhikers
correct genotype? Why?
thumb
4.For which phenotypes were you Tongue
roller
NOT sure you had the correct
Pinky finger
genotype? Why?
Earlobes
5.Would knowing your parents
Ptc taster
phenotypes for these traits help
you figure out your genotype for Polydactyly
the traits in question 4? Why?
Mid-digit
hair
Taste the PTC paper.
Homework
• Finish human traits questions
• Finish spot worksheet.
Out – pg.12
1. Which do you think are more
common, dominant or recessive
phenotypes?
2. Why?
Mon.1/27
• Predict patterns of inheritance by
employing Punnett squares, probability or
pedigree analysis.
In: pg.14
Question:
Are dominant traits
more common for
all characteristics?
Class Data:
Characteristic
Can roll
Tongue
Polydactyly
Dimples
# of
students
with
dominant
trait
# of
students
with
recessive
trait
Punnett Squares = Used to predict the
outcome of genetic crosses.
homozygous Dominant


Trait: Seed Shape
Alleles: R – Round
Cross: Round seeds
RR
r
r
R
Rr
Rr
R
Rr
Rr
x
homozygous recessive
r – Wrinkled
x Wrinkled seeds
x
rr
• Genotype: Rr
• Phenotype: Round
• Genotypic
Ratio: All alike
• Phenotypic
Ratio: All alike
homozygous Dominant x heterozygous


Trait: Seed Shape
Alleles: R – Round
Cross: Round seeds
RR
R
r
r – Wrinkled
x Round seeds
x
Rr
• Genotype: 2 RR, 2 Rr
• Phenotype: Round
R
RR
Rr
R
RR
Rr
• Genotypic
Ratio: 2:2
• Phenotypic
Ratio: 4:0
Heterozygous x Heterozygous


Trait: Seed Shape
Alleles: R – Round
r – Wrinkled
Cross: Round seeds x Round seeds
Rr
x
Rr
R
r
• Genotype: RR, Rr, rr
R
r
RR
Rr
Rr
rr
• Phenotype: Round &
wrinkled
• G.Ratio: 1:2:1
• P.Ratio: 3:1
Test Cross – Used to determine unknown genotype
by crossing with a homozygous recessive individual
Trait: Seed Shape
Alleles: R – Round
r – Wrinkled
Cross: Round (unknown) seeds
x wrinkled seeds
(Rr) x rr
(RR) x rr
r
r
r
r
R
Rr
Rr
R
Rr
Rr
R
Rr
Rr
r
rr
rr
Pg.15 - Practice using PS’s
• Glue in as a flip up
• Complete
Homework
Finish Practice Using Punnett’s Squares.
Out – pg.14
• Create a flow map for the steps of how to
set up a Punnett Square. Do an illustration
for each step
Step 1:
Setup your cross
Tt X Tt
Step 2:
Tues.1/28
• ***First Interactive Notebook Check
will be this FRIDAY!!!!
• Predict patterns of inheritance by
employing Punnett squares, probability or
pedigree analysis.
Probability
• Probability is the likelihood that a specific
event will occur.
• Determined by:
Probability = # of times an event is expected to happen(part)
# of times an event could happen(whole)
May be expressed as a fraction, a decimal or a percent.
Probability
• Chance of flipping
heads is 1 out of 2
or 1/2
• If you flip 3 coins
all at once, the
chance of flipping
heads is
½ x ½ x ½ = 1/8
In: pg.16
• What is the
probability that if
you flip 2 coins at
the same time
that they will both
come up heads?
Pg.17 - How Well Does a PS
Predict the Actual Ratio?
• Glue in
• Complete procedure Part 1&2
• Complete analysis questions
Homework
• Finish the analysis questions for the
activity
Out - pg.16
• If 2 people who are heterozygous for
a trait have 100 children, how many
of those children would also be
heterozygous for the trait?
Wed. 1/29
• Interactive Notebook Quiz
– Get out half sheet, #1-10
• ***First Interactive Notebook Check
will be this FRIDAY!!!!
• Predict patterns of inheritance by employing
Punnett squares, probability or pedigree
analysis.
In: pg. 18
A heterozygous female is crossed with a
heterozygous male (use the letter N for the
allele).
1. Do a punnett square of this cross:
2. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
3. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
Pg.19 – Sponge Bob Genetics
Practice Problems
• Glue in as a flip
• Complete
– Show all work
– DUE TOMORROW
Homework
• Finish Practice Problems
Out – pg. 18
• In pea plants, the allele for tall plants is dominant to
the allele for short plants.
• Gregor Mendel crossed 2 pea plants and the resulting
offspring (600 plants) had the following phenotypic
ratio:
Phenotypic ratio = 448 tall plants:152 short plants
• What are the genotypes of the parents?
Thur. 1/30
• ***First Interactive Notebook Check
will be TOMORROW!!!!
• Go over out from yesterday  pg.18
• Predict patterns of inheritance by
employing Punnett squares, probability or
pedigree analysis.
In: pg.20
1. In corn plants,
what is the
dominant trait for
kernel color?
2. What is the
recessive trait?
3. How do you
know?
Pg.21: Corn Lab
• Question: What are the genotypes of the
parent corn plants?
• Background info:
• Hypothesis:
• Data: Tape in lab sheet here.
After Corn Lab
• Prepare notebook for check tomorrow!!!
– Pgs.1-21
– Check title pages
– Table of contents
– Vocab
– Highlighting
– ETC, ETC, ETC
Homework
• Prepare notebook for notebook check
tomorrow!!!!
Out
• Write a conclusion paragraph explaining
why you were able to use the phenotypic
ratio of the offspring corn to determine the
genotypes of the parent corn.
• 3+ sentences.
Fri 1/31
1. INB Check #1
2. Dihybrid Crosses
• Predict patterns of inheritance by
employing Punnett squares, probability or
pedigree analysis.
In: pg.22
Do ONE punnett square to determine the
outcome of the following cross:
Female
Male
DdTt x DDtt
HINT: How many different gametes can
each parent make (in a monohybrid each
parent can make 2)
Dihybrid Cross
• A breeding experiment that tracks the
inheritance of two traits.
• Mendel’s “Law of Independent
Assortment”
– Each pair of alleles segregates independently
during gamete formation
Homozygous x Homozygous
RRYY x rryy
ry
RY RrYy
ry
ry
ry
RrYy RrYy RrYy
Genotype:
All RrYy
16:0
RY RrYy
RrYy RrYy RrYy
RY RrYy
RrYy RrYy RrYy
All Round
Yellow seeds
RY RrYy
RrYy RrYy RrYy
16:0
Phenotype:
Heterozygous x Heterozygous
RrYy x RrYy
Seeds
R – round
RY
r – wrinkled
Ry
Y – yellow
rY
ry
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
y – green
Genotypic
Ratio:
4:2:2:2:2:1:1:1:1
Ry RRYy
Rryy
RrYy Rryy
rY
RrYy
rrYY
RrYY
rrYy
Phenotypic
Ratio:
9:3:3:1
ry
RrYy
Rryy
rrYy
rryy
Pg.23 - Dihybrid Cross Example
DdTt x DDtt
Thru 2
Pg.24 - Trihybrid for
extra credit.
• Create a punnett
square for the
following cross:
AaBbCc x AaBbCc
Pg.25 - Guinea Pig
Punnett Squares
Homework
• Finish Guinea Pig Punnett squares
• Work on Trihybrid Cross for extra credit
Out – pg.22
• Why does a Punnett square for a
dihybrid cross have 16 squares when
a Punnett square for a monohybrid
cross has 4 squares?
Mon 2/3
• New grades posted on window!
• Predict patterns of inheritance by
employing Punnett squares, probability or
pedigree analysis.
In: pg.26
Draw an picture to illustrate the main concepts of:
1.The Law of Independent Assortment
2.The Law of Segregration
Pg.27 – glue in Breeding
Dragons Data Table
Thru 3
Pg.28
Dragon Picture—Draw
and color a picture of
your dragon.
Pg.29
Dragon Punnett
Squares Practice
Problems
Homework
• Finish Dragon Picture and Dragon Punnett
squares.
Out – pg.26
1. What step of “making” your dragon
illustrates the Law of segregation?
2. What step of “making” your dragon
illustrates the Law of independent
assortment?
– These steps may have been done by me before you
got your chromosomes!
Tues 2/4
• Investigate patterns of human inheritance.
In: pg.30
In humans, hair texture is
controlled by a single gene
with 2 alleles (H=straight,
h=curly). However, there are 3
phenotypes for hair texture
(straight, wavy and curly).
How do you think people
get wavy hair (genetically
speaking)?
Incomplete Dominance
R1R1

Neither allele is
dominant or
recessive.

Occurs when two or
more alleles influence
the phenotype and
results in a phenotype
intermediate between
the dominant trait and
the recessive trait.
RR1 RR1 RR1 RR1
R1R1
RR1
R1R1
RR1
RR1
R1R1
Codominance
• Both alleles are
dominant
1. type A
2. type B
= IAIA or IAi
= IBIB or IBi
3.type AB = IAIB
4. type O
= ii
• Both alleles are
expressed in a
heterozygous
offspring. (they do
not blend).
Pg.31-Tree map-Patterns of
Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Complete
dominance
Incomplete
dominance
Codominance
3 descriptors—must include definition, example, picture.
Pg.31- Oompah Loompah Practice
Problems
• Glue as a flip & complete
Homework
• Finish Oompah Loompah Practice
Problems
Out - Pg.30
1. Complete dominance is like________
because they both…
2. Codominance is like_______ because
they both….
3. Incomplete dominance is like______
because they both…
Wed 2/5
• Chp.9 Test and INB Check
are FRIDAY!!!!
• Investigate patterns of human inheritance.
RED
WHITE
ROAN
In: pg.32
Blue chick
In Adulusian fowls, a black rooster and a white
hen can have black, blue or white chicks.
1.Is the blue phenotype an example of
complete, incomplete or codominace?
2.Why?
Pg.33 - Patterns of Inheritance
coloring book
Pg.34 - Punnett’s Squares and
Patterns of Inheritance
Homework
• Finish the Patterns of Inheritance coloring
book and Punnett square practice
• Reminder: Chp.9 Test and INB Check are
FRIDAY!!!!
Out – pg.32
• A cross between a black cat & a tan cat produces
a tabby pattern (black & tan fur together).
1) What pattern of inheritance does this illustrate?
2) What percent of kittens would have tan fur if a
tabby cat is crossed with a black cat
Thur 2/6
• INB Quiz #2 today
–Get out half sheet, #1-10
• INB Check & Chp.9 Test are
TOMORROW!!!!!
Chp.9 Study Guide
• First 15 minutes  Work by yourself
– NO TALKING!!!
• Last 15 minutes  work in study groups
• AFTER  make sure notebook is ready
for check (pg.20-34)
Homework
• Study guide-Chp.9
• Study for test.
Fri 2/7
• Chapter 9 Test
• INB check #2
• Chapter 12 Title page 35
– Title
– 3 pictures, 3 colors, 3 key words