AP Biology
Name: ____________________________________
Cellular Respiration Week-Long Assignment – use Chapter 9
Due Friday, 1/29/16
What




you must know from Chapter 9…
The summary equation of cellular respiration.
The difference between fermentation and cellular respiration.
The role of glycolysis in oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate.
The process that brings pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria and introduces it
into the citric acid cycle.
 How the process of chemiosmosis utilizes the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to produce
ATP.
I.
Fermentation definition =
II.
Cellular Respiration definition =

III.
Also called ______________________________________
Cellular Respiration Equation:

Primary nutrient molecule = ______________________________________

The exergonic release of _____________________ from glucose is used to phosphorylate
ADP to ATP. What does phosphorylate mean?

The reactions in cellular respiration are oxidation-reduction (REDOX)
reactions where ___________________________ are transferred from one molecule to
another.
IV.
V.

LEO goes GER!
Oxidized molecules {LOSE or GAIN} electrons which essentially means what?

Reduced molecules {LOSE or GAIN} electrons which essentially means what?
3 steps of cellular respiration
1.
2.
3.
VI.
GLYCOLYSIS
A. Occurs in the ________________________ of the cell
B. Glucose (a 6-C molecule) is degraded into 2 (3-C) molecules of:
C. ATP consuming vs. ATP producing
1. _______ ATP molecules are used to destabilize glucose and make it more
reactive.
2. Later on in glycolysis, _______ ATP are produced.
D. Net energy produced = _______ ATP and _______ NADH
E. What is NADH??
VII.
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE (also called Kreb’s)
A. Beforehand…pyruvate is ______________________ to acetyl CoA.
1. Pyruvate moves into matrix of _______________________.
2. Enzymes…
 remove a _____________

converts NAD+ into ___________________

adds ____________________________________
3. ______ acetyl CoA molecules are produced per glucose and will now enter THE
CITRIC ACID CYCLE.
B. Occurs in the _______________________________________.
C. Waste product = ________________
D. TURNS OF THE CYCLE
1. Each turn of the cycle uses __________ acetyl CoA.
2. The cycle must make ____________ turns before glucose is completely oxidized.
3. Each turn produces:
 __________ CO2
 __________ NADH
 __________ FADH
 __________ ATP; Where did all the energy go???
4. Where did the six original CARBONS found in glucose go?
VIII.
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC)
A. Embedded in the ___________________________________ of mitochondria.
B. Composed of _______________________ pumps and carrier molecules. 1000s!!!
C. Powered by __________________ from NADH and FADH2
1. Loss of energy by e- flow powers the pumping of _________ across the inner
membrane.
2. The e- combine with two H+ and O2 to form ___________ at the end of the
ETC.
3. Final electron acceptor = __________
a. Without it…electron transport comes to a _________!
D. H+ flow back down gradient through __________________________.
1. What is the proton-motive force?
E. Chemiosmosis =
F. The ETC and Chemiosmosis compose
________________________________________________.
G. ATP yield per molecule of glucose is for oxidative phosphorylation is: _________
IX.
Practice Questions
1. Products of glycolysis include
a. Pyruvate
d. two of the choices
b. ATP
e. all of the choices
c. NADH
2. The purpose of cellular respiration in a eukaryotic cell is to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Synthesize carbohydrates from CO2.
Synthesize fats and proteins from CO2.
Breakdown carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of ATP.
Breakdown carbohydrates to provide energy for the cell in the form of
ADP.
e. Provide oxygen to the cell.
3. In the course of this reaction (2K + Br2 yields 2K+ + 2Br-), potassium is:
a. Neutralized
d. Sublimated
b. Oxidized
e. Recycled
c. Reduced
4. The net result of glycolysis is
a. 4 ATP and 4 NADH
b. 4 ATP and 2 NADH
c. 2 ATP and 4 NADH
d. 2 ATP and 2 NADH
e. 4 ATP and 8 NADH
5. One glucose molecule provides enough carbons for two trips through the citric acid
cycle. How many molecules of ATP are directly produced in this process?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
6. The process that produces the greatest amount of ATP during respiration is
a. Glycolysis
c. The Citric Acid Cycle
b. Fermentation
d. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Vocabulary!
7. The process by which glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecule
8. The process by which the stored energy in glucose is converted into a usable form
9. The process by which a hydrogen ion (H+) gradient is used to produce ATP
10. A process that makes a small amount of ATP and can produce lactic acid as a byproduct
11. A series of membrane-embedded electron carriers that ultimately create the
hydrogen ion gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP
12. The process by which the chemical breakdown of glucose is completed and CO2 is
produced
13. Starting molecule in a chemical reaction (left side of the equation)
14. The sum of all chemical reactions within an organism
15. The process through which plants convert light energy to chemical energy in order
to produce food.
16. The cell structure where aerobic cellular respiration takes place
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Chloroplast
d. Mitochondria
17. When oxygen is present, cellular respiration in your body cells yields a total of
______ ATP per glucose molecule.
a. 2
b. 32
c. 34
d. 38
18. The process called ____________ takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell, literally
means "glucose-breaking," and yields a total of 2 ATP.
a. Osmosis b. Glycolysis
c. the Krebs cycle
d. the Calvin cycle
19. Which of the following is considered a waste product of cellular respiration?
a. ATP
b. oxygen
c. glucose
d. carbon dioxide
20. What is the starting molecule for glycolysis? _______________________________
21. Under low oxygen conditions, the production of lactic acid in your body can lead
to
a. the shut-down of glycolysis
b. muscle soreness and fatigue
c. the production of more carbon dioxide
d. the production of more adenosine triphosphate
22. Either lactic acid or alcohol is produced as a result of
a. hydrolysis
c. photosynthesis
b. fermentation
d. aerobic cellular respiration
23. Plants undergo cellular respiration. True or false
24. All chemical activity that occurs during cellular respiration is controlled by
enzymes. True or false
25. Water is a reactant for cellular respiration. True or false
26. Right now, your cells are using mostly anaerobic respiration to make glucose. True
or false
27. Energy is released from food when the bonds in food molecules are broken during
cellular respiration. True or false