Table Of Contents Computer Basics.....2-4 Revolutions in Computing Timeline…..5-7 Evaluating Websites…..8 Glossary…..9 Bibliography……10 1 Computer Basics What is a computer? -“an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program” What is hardware? -A hardware is a machine that is a physical component of a computer and other systems what are the main hardware Components of a computer? CPU (CU,ALU) main memory/immediate Access storage (primary storage) secondary storage input/output devices What is an operating system? an operating system is a software that helps the computer's basic functions 2 what is the purpose of an operating system? "it manages the hardware and software resources of the system. it provides a stable, consistent way for applications to deal with the hardware without having to know all the details of the hardware" what is software? Software is the operating information that’s used by a computer. Give some samples of software “Operating system help you open the computer and actually interact. -device drivers or the software, is basically software that will send your document to printer or too your computer’s hard drive. -windows system is the main programme. -programming software is a software used by many computer engineers and technicians programming software, using different programming languages.” 3 identify common user interface elements and describe their functions? “-appearance of the search box -clearly marked collapsible? Expandable content -AJAX loading indicator -location of shopping cart and login and register functions -expiration date format on credit card form -easily identifiable links.” What is a peripheral? A peripheral is a device that is not a necessary in order for a computer to function, this hardware device is an alternative used to perform additional tasks, and each has its particular function. Some excellent examples of computers peripherals are the keyboard and mouse; the mouse is used to navigate the computer and a keyboard is a typewriter that is almost always used with a computer. Other examples include a printer and scanner What peripherals are commonly used? The ones I already mentioned above such as a keyboard and a mouse. Also a mouse. What is a network? What is the difference between a network and a stand alone network? A network is a connection between two or more computers, they can be linked through cables, radio waves ect.. A stand alone environment is when a single computer runs alone. 4 Revolutions in Computing Timeline Year What is it? Why is it important? Interesting fact Abacus 2600BC An abacus is usually made out of wood and it holds a frame that holds metal rods with beads mounted on them The abacus is very important because it helps educate children in math and its early invention helped us with most of our modern counting devices Did you know that before the abacus people would count with their hands and toes and if the number was bigger, they’d add pebbles and twigs Antikythra mechanism 19001901 The antikythra mechanism is an ancient mechanical computer The antikythra mechanism is important because it has a unique window on history and allows you to learn about the ancient Greeks The antikythra mechanism is currently in the Greek National Archaeological Museum in Athens Joseph-Marie Jacquard, Punchcard controlled loom 1801 “Jacquard's loom mechanism is controlled by recorded patterns of holes in a string of cards, and allows, what is now known as, the Jacquard weaving of intricate patterns.” Charles Babbage, Difference Engine 1822 “A difference engine is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions” Samuel Morse, Telegraph 1832 A telegraph is a system for sending messages from a distance with a wire The telegraph allowed people to communicate from a distance in just seconds. It’s also the inspiration to the invention of the phone. Sir Charles Wheatstone, paper 1857 A paper tape is a long strip of There was a problem years after the telegraph was made, that you can only John Napier, Calculation Tables 5 In 1823, the government paid Charles Babbage £1500 to construct it “The word telegraph was developed by Frenchman Claude Chappe who took the Greek words tele meaning distance and graphien meaning to write, giving the word the meaning "writing at a distance."” By 1858, the paper tape could have 100 words tapes paper with stored data send 10 words a minute. So 20 years later, paper tapes were invented for storage, and transmission of data. a minute. A typewriter and a computer have the same key line Stoles, Glidden and Soule, typewriter 1868 A typewriter is a “manual machine with keys for Producing print like characters one at a time on paper inserted around a roller.” I was important because it helped people write things faster Herman Hollerith, Tabulating Machine 1890 1. The tabulating machine was designed to help process data for the 1890 U.S. Census. Colossus 1944 “The tabulating machine was an electromechanical machine designed to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting.” The colossus was the first electronic digital computer Bell Labs, the Transistor 1947 A portable radio used with circuits “The transistor has become the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices” The transistor is everywhere in modern electronic systems. Texas Instruments and Fairchild Semiconductor, Integrated Circuit 1949 The integrated circuit is another name for a chip. It’s an electronic device made from semiconductor material The integrated circuit processes all of the information in a computer. Two different inventors invented almost identical integrated circuits at nearly the same time. IBM 360 1964 “The IBM System/360 (S/360) was a mainframe computer system” ARPANET 1966 ARPANET is internet It was the very first internet ever made Intel, 1K RAM CHIP (the 4004) 1971 It was a 4-bit CPU It was made for usage in calculators Jonathan Titus, Mark 8 1974 BBN, Telenet 1974 “The Mark-8 is a microcomputer design from 1974, based on the Intel 8008 CPU” Telenet was a commercial packet switched network “The Colossus computers were used by British code breakers during World War II to help in the cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher” Word Processor invented Paul Allen and Bill Gates invent BASIC 1980 USENET 6 “An Internet service consisting of thousands of newsgroups” TCP/IP 1981 TCP/IP is used to connect hosts through the internet and is used for transmitting data over networks Apple Macintosh 1984 Apple Macintosh is the first Mac computer It was the inspiration to the new Mac computers Microsoft Windows 1.0 1985 It was the first Microsoft windows “It was Microsoft's first attempt to implement a multi-tasking graphical user” The Internet 1950 “An international computer network providing e-mail and information from computers in educational institutions” The internet is very important because it helps us connect to the worlds information Apple iPod 2001 An Apple iPod is an electrical device that stores music, videos and pictures Its just for your entertainment Apple iPhone 2007 An Apple iPhone is a smart phone that can also store music, videos and pictures iPhone is also for entertainment but when iPhones have data, they can also, just like the internet, help us find information 2012 An amazon kindle is a software and hardware platform Apple iPad 2010 An Apple iPad is a tablet computer Same as the iphone Its an electronic device used to contact people (a phone) Same as the iphone 3D printing allows people to change any digital file in a three dimensional figure 3D Printing 1984 A 3D printer prints threedimensional pictures from a digital model Leap Motion Controller 2010 The leap motion controller is a computer sensor device that supports hand and finger motions and does not require hand contact or touching. The Cloud 7 The iPod got 40,000 songs sold every 10 minutes “‘Artists’ icon on an iPhone or iPod touch is a silhouette of Bono, the lead singer for U2.” “it’s been five years since Amazon introduced us to the Kindle brand” Amazon Kindle Android America is in third place for the world’s most internet users. “Over 25 million iPads have been sold in 14 months” Evaluating Websites http://cleverlogic.net/content/lesson-2-functions-major-hardware-components-computer-systemf The title of the website: Functions of the major hardware components in a computer system This website is a very good website because it gives you great and a lot of information and describes everything clearly The name of the author is Joshua Kissoon. The purpose of this website is educational and public service information. This website is about the functions of the major hardware components in a computer system. It provides balanced, objective, or factual information. Its also very well maintained. Its well designed, organized and easy to read. 8 Glossary What is a computer? -“an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to instructions given to it in a variable program” What is hardware? -A hardware is a machine that is a physical component of a computer and other systems What is an operating system? an operating system is a software that helps the computer's basic functions what is software? Software is the operating information that’s used by a computer. What is a peripheral? A peripheral is a device that is not a necessary in order for a computer to function, this hardware device is an alternative used to perform additional tasks, and each has its particular function. Some excellent examples of computers peripherals are the keyboard and mouse; the mouse is used to navigate the computer and a keyboard is a typewriter that is almost always used with a computer. Other examples include a printer and scanner 9 Bibliography "Computer." Webopedia. Copyright 2013 QuinStreet Inc. All Rights Reserved., 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. <http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/computer.html>. "Hardware." Webopedia. Copyright 2013 QuinStreet Inc. All Rights Reserved., 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "Operating System." What Is OS ()? © 2013 Computer Hope, 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "Software." What Is ? All Rights Reserved,Copyright 2001 - 2013, TechTarget, 2001-2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "Peripheral Device." Webopedia. Copyright 2013 QuinStreet Inc. All Rights Reserved., 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "Network." Webopedia. Copyright 2013 QuinStreet Inc. All Rights Reserved., 2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "What Is the Difference in a Network vs. Standalone Installation?" What Is the Difference in a Network vs. Standalone Installation? © 1993-2013 Express Technology Inc., 1993-2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. "ChidoWare." The Main Computer Hardware Components. Copyright © 2009 - 2013 Chidoware Computer Hardware, 2009-2013. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. 10