Scientists A
ABC
Scientists B
ABC
Scientists C
ABC
Electron
Configuration
theory
ABC
Radioactivity
ABC
Ionization
Energy
ABC
Reactivity
ABC
Energy
levels
ABC
Quantum
theory
ABC
Writing
electron
configuration
ABC
Radiation
equations
ABC
Bonding
ABC
John Dalton
Dmitri Mendeleev
Radioactivity,
discovered 2 new
elements and
discovered x rays.
Discovered the nucleus of
the atom in his gold foil
experiment.
Rutherford
J.J. Thomson
Democritus- first mention of atom
Dalton- Atomic theory
Thomson- electron
Curie- xrays, radiation
Rutherford- proton and nucleus
Bohr- electron orbits
Schrodinger- quantum model
Chadwick- neutron
It tells us the path the
electrons are following with
about 90% certainty
The mathematical equations that
explained and supported the
quantum theory.
Lowest, highest
S can hold 2
P can hold 6
D can hold 10
F can hold 14
1st level- 2
2nd level – 8
3rd level – 18
4th level- 32
5th level -32
6th level- 18
2 protons and 2 neutrons,
in other words a He
nucleus.
An electron
Gamma, Beta, Alpha
The amount of energy required to remove
an electron from an element’s outside
shell. The higher the ionization energy
the more difficult it is to remove the
electron.
1 valence electron, there is a sharp
increase in the ionization between
E1 and E2 which shows that we
have moved from the unfilled
electron shell to a filled one.
Ionization energy increases across
the period, this is because the
attractive force of the nucleus
increases and because the radius of
the atom decreases slightly.
As you move down the group
the reactivity in metals
increases because the
valence (reacting) electrons
are held more loosely.
As you move down the group on
the nonmetal side the reactivity
decreases because nonmetals
which to attract electrons and the
valence electrons are moving
farther from the nucleus.
Na, Ra, F
2nd energy level
3rd energy level
The innermost shell
1st to 2nd, as you move away
from the nucleus each energy
level has less and less
energy difference.
When they are moving down
and energy level energy is
released. Energy is absorbed
when they move up a level.
The d orbital is in between the 3rd and
4th energy level in regards to it’s
energy. Therefore it nestles in
between the two and is halfway
between them. We represent this by
having them on the 4th period on the
periodic table.
1s22s22p63s23p4
4s24p2
F- Flourine
4
2
He
241
95
Am
Beta radiation
That elements will combine in
small whole number ratios to
produce new compounds.
+2
The group number indicates the
number of valence electrons an
atom has. The valence electrons
determine what charge the ion will
have, very few valence electrons will
form + ions and larger numbers of
valence electrons form – ions.