AP Human Geography
Unit 7 – Cities and Urban Land Use
Name _________________________
Ch. 12: Services and Settlements
Key Issue 1: Where are services distributed?
Information
Three types of services:
1.
Notes and Examples
2.
3.
Key Issue 2: Where are consumer services distributed?
Information
Christaller’s Central Place Theory – four levels of
market area:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Primate city:
Rank-size rule:
Gravity model:
Notes and Examples
Key Issue 3: Where are business services distributed?
Information
Factors to distinguish global cities:
1.
Notes and Examples
2.
3.
4.
Key Issue 4: Why do services cluster in settlements?
Information
The process of urbanization (growth of urban
settlements) has 2 dimensions:
1.
Notes and Examples
2.
Three major differences distinguish urban and
rural areas with regard to social behavior;
1.
2.
3.
Ch. 13 – Urban Patterns
Key Issue 1: Why do services cluster downtown?
Information
Services offered in the central business district:
1.
2.
3.
Notes and Examples
Key Issue 2: Where are people distributed within urban areas?
Information
Burgess’ Concentric Zone Model – rings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hoyt’s Sector Model – sectors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model:
A city is a complex structure that includes more
than one __________________ around which
activities revolve.
Galactic City Model (Peripheral Model):
Represents distinct ______________________ of
commercial urban landscape as the economy
transitions to _______________ as the leading
form of production.
Social patterns in urban areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Notes and Examples
Key Issue 3: Why are urban areas expanding?
Information
Borchert’s Epochs of Urban Growth:
1.
Notes and Examples
2.
3.
4.
5.
The modern residential suburb is segregated in 2
ways:
1.
2.
Urban Transportation:
1.
2.
Key Issue 4: Why do cities face challenges?
Information
The process of deterioration:
1.
2.
3.
Urban economic challenges:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Notes and Examples
5.
Methods used to promote “smart growth” of
cities:
1.
2.
3.
Challenges to urban areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Problems with urban sustainability:
1.
2.