skeletal system

Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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Unit 3 Lesson 2 Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Florida Benchmarks

• SC.6.N.1.1

Define a problem from the sixth grade curriculum, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigation of various types, such as systematic observations or experiments, identify variables, collect and organize data, interpret data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and define conclusions.



Florida Benchmarks

• SC.6.L.14.5

Identify and investigate the general functions of the major systems of the human body

(digestive, respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal) and describe ways these systems interact with each other to maintain homeostasis.

• HE.6.C.1.4

Recognize how heredity can affect personal health.



Florida Benchmarks

• HE.6.C.1.8

Explain how body systems are impacted by hereditary factors and infectious agents.



What’s Inside?

What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

• The skeletal system is the organ system that supports and protects the body and allows it to move.

• The skeletal system also stores minerals and produces red blood cells.

• An endoskeleton is a skeleton inside the body.



What are the main functions of the skeletal system?

• The hard outer layer of bone, called compact

bone, stores minerals such as calcium.

• Marrow is a soft tissue at the center of bones. Red marrow makes red and white blood cells.

• Bones provide a place for muscles to attach.



No Bones About It!

What are the parts of the skeletal system?

• The skeletal system is divided into two parts.

• The skull, vertebrae, and ribs make up the axial

skeleton, which supports and protects the internal organs.

• The appendicular skeleton includes the arms, legs, shoulders, and pelvis.



What are the parts of the skeletal system?

• Bones are alive. They have a blood supply and nerves.

• A ligament is the tough, flexible strand of connective tissue that holds bones together.

• Cartilage is a strong, flexible, and smooth connective tissue found at the end of bones that allows them to move smoothly.



What are bones made of?

• Compact bone is dense and hard, with no visible open spaces.

• Spongy bone provides most of the strength and support for the bone. It has many open spaces.

• Calcium, the most plentiful mineral in bones, is deposited by bone cells called osteoblasts.




• Connective tissue is made mostly of a protein called collagen, which allows bones to be a bit flexible.

• Red marrow, at the center of flat bones, makes red and white blood cells.

• Yellow marrow, at the center of long bones, stores fat.




• What are the functions of each of the parts of bone?

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How do bones grow?

• Babies have cartilage that is later replaced by bone.

• Growth plates are locations where long bones lengthen.

• Osteocytes are bone cells that move into cartilage and harden it into bone.



Bone Connections

How are bones connected?

• A joint is the place where two or more bones connect.

• Fixed joints are found in the skull and allow no movement between bones.

• Movable joints allow movement of the bones.




• Ball and socket joints allow one of the bones to rotate in a large circle.




• Gliding joints allow flexibility in the wrist and ankles.




• Hinge joints allow bones to move back and forth.



What are some injuries and disorders of the skeletal system?

• Fractures are bones that are broken.

• Sprains are injuries to a ligament caused by stretching a joint too far.

• Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bone to become thin and weak.

• Arthritis is a disease that causes joints to stiffen, swell, and become painful.



Keep Moving!

What is the main function of the muscular system?

• The muscular system is mostly made of the muscles that allow a body to move and be flexible.

• Muscle is the tissue that contracts and relaxes, making movement possible.



What are the three types of muscles?

• The three types of muscle are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

• Voluntary muscle is skeletal muscle that you are able to control.

• Involuntary muscle is the smooth and cardiac muscle you cannot control.




• Smooth muscle is found in internal organs and blood vessels.

• Cardiac muscle is the tissue that makes up the heart.

• Skeletal muscle is attached to bones by tough strands of tissue called tendons .




• Most skeletal muscles work in pairs around a joint.

• The flexor bends the joint.

• The extensor straightens the joint.

• As one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes.




• Point out the location of a flexor muscle and an extensor muscle.



Move It or Lose It!

What are some injuries and disorders of the muscular system?

• A strain is a muscle injury in which a muscle is overstretched or torn.

• Muscular dystrophy causes skeletal muscle to become weaker over time.

• Tendinitis occurs when tendons become inflamed or torn.



What are some benefits of exercise?

• Exercise is any activity that helps improve physical fitness and health.

• Exercise can increase strength, endurance, and flexibility. It can also improve heart and lung function and reduce stress.

• People should get 30 to 60 minutes of exercise a day.



What are some benefits of exercise?

• Resistance exercises are anaerobic, or do not require oxygen for contraction, and involve short bursts of intense effort.

• Endurance exercises are aerobic, or require oxygen for contraction, and involve extended periods of movement.

• Flexibility is improved by stretching muscles.


skeletal system

Florida Benchmarks

Florida Benchmarks

Florida Benchmarks

What’s Inside?

No Bones About It!

Bone Connections

Keep Moving!

Move It or Lose It!

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skeletal system

Florida Benchmarks

Florida Benchmarks

Florida Benchmarks

What’s Inside?

No Bones About It!

Bone Connections

Keep Moving!

Move It or Lose It!

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