Acidic Compounds
Nomenclature
Think of some acids that you know:
What you should have noticed:
oAll acids contain hydrogen
◦Acids are compounds that start with
◦Except for water (H20)
oSome acids have oxygen
oSome acids do NOT have oxygen
+
H
Two different types of Acids:
Binary Acids:
◦ Acids that do NOT have oxygen
◦ ONLY 2 elements (typically)
◦ Examples:
H2S
HCl
HCN
Oxyacids:
◦ Acids that DO have oxygen
◦ These have a polyatomic ion
◦ Examples:
H2SO4
H3PO4
HNO3
Naming Binary Acids:
o Remember these are acids without oxygen in them.
oRules for writing the names of Binary Acids:
1. Always use hydro- as a prefix (what is a prefix)
2. Name the element, or the polyatomic that does NOT contain oxygen in the
formula
1. What polyatomic ions do not contain oxygen? (Hint: look at your list.)
3. Change the ending to –ic
1. ALWAYS for Binary Acids
4. Add acid for the second part of the name
oExample: HCl
oHydrochloric Acid
Practice:
Binary
Acid
Compound
HF
HBr
H2S
H3N
HCN
What is the element or
polyatomic in the compound?
What is the name of the acid?
Writing the compound formula from the
name:
Rules to Follow:
1.
Always use H+ (hydrogen) for the cation
1.
2.
What is hydrogens charge?
Determine what the anion is (the second element or polyatomic)
1.
Remember the ending is changed to indicate that it is an acid, so just remember to imagine the correct ending to figure
out the anion.
3.
Drop and Swap
4.
You won’t need to simplify! (Why?)
Example: Hydrophosphoric Acid
What is the anion? _________________________
What are the two ions: __________ and ___________
What is the formula: ____________________________
Practice:
Acid Name
Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrosulfuric Acid
Hydrofluoric Acid
Hydrocyanic Acid
Hydrogen
Anion Symbol
Acid Formula
Naming Oxyacids:
Acids WITH Oxygen
1.
Determine what the polyatomic ion is
2.
Change the ending
◦
If it ends in –ate it becomes –ic
◦
◦
If it ends in –ite it becomes –ous
◦
3.
“I ate it and it was ic (icky)”
“It’s ite (aight) with ous (us)”
Add “Acid” as the second part of the name
Examples:
H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid
H2SO3 – Sulfurous Acid
Practice:
Compound
H2CO3
HNO2
HClO4
HC2H3O2
HBrO
What is the polyatomic
ion?
What does the ending
change to?
Name of the Acid
Writing Oxyacid Formulas:
Working Oxyacids Backwards
1.
Determine the polyatomic ion
◦
◦
Change –ic to –ate
Change –ous to –ite
2.
Put a Hydrogen (H+1) in front of the anion
3.
Drop and Swap the charges/numbers
Phosphoric Acid
H+1
PO4-3
H3PO4
H3PO4
Practice:
Name of the Acid
Nitric Acid
Chlorous Acid
Carbonic Acid
Hypobromous Acid
What does the ending
change back to?
What is the polyatomic
symbol and its charge?
Compound Formula