SKELETAL SYSTEM REVIEW
Slide #1: Skeletal system: Bones, cartilage, and joints
Slide #2: What are four things the skeletal system does for you besides help
you move? Protection, support, mineral storage and homeostasis, fat storage,
hemotopoiesis
Slide #3: Describe the difference between an osteoclast, osteoblast, and
osteocyte. Osteoclast breaks down bone tissue, osteoblast builds bone tissue
up, and osteocyte is a mature bone cell.
Slide #4: What are two differences between compact and spongy bone?
Compact has osteons which include a central canal called a Haversian canal
with central blood vessels, has perforating chanels (Volkman’s) more dense, and
more structured--spongy has red marrow in spaces and bone bone is thinner—
different pattern
Slide #5: Long bones structure:
What are these and where on the bone are they located?
Periosteum: membrane that surrounds the bone contains blood vessels and
nerves
Diaphysis: shaft of the bone—exterior of the bone
Epiphysis: both ends of the bone where articulations are present
red marrow: where blood cells are produced--usually on the ends in the
epiphysis
yellow marrow: fat stored inside the bone in the medullary cavity
articular cartilage: (joint cartilage) hyaline cartilage for shock absorption and
cushioning for the joint—located on the ends of the bones
Slide #6: Where are trochanters located? Posterior, superior portion of the
femur What is a foramen? Hole in the bone for blood vessels, nerves or lymph
vessels to pass A sinus? A space in the bone to make it lighter
Slide #7: What is the major difference between the axial and appendicular
skeleton? Axial in down the midline of the body and appendicular includes the
arms and legs and the bones that attach them to the body
Slide #8: (Remember meal times) How many vertebrae are in the cervical
region? 7 How many are in the thoracic region? 12 How many are in the lumbar
region? 5
Slide #9: What is attached to the thoracic vertebrae? Ribs How many pair of
false ones? 5 True? 7 Floating? 2 Total pairs? 12
Slide #10: How many fused bones are in the sacrum? 5 How many in the
coccyx? 3-5
Slide #11: What are the three regions of the axial skeleton? Cranium, vertebral
column, bony thorax
Slide #12: What are the three regions of the appendicular skeleton? Pectoral
girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower extremities
Slide #13: Match the following with the axial or appendicular skeleton
Humerus--appendicular Sphenoid-axial Ethmoid-axial Temporal-axial Clavicleappendicular
Slide #14: How are the sphenoid and ethmoid bone different from all of the
other cranial bones? They are mostly internal bones—sphenoid is the “keystone
to the cranium” all other cranial bones articulate with sphenoid
Slide #15: Label the skeleton: 1. Skull 2. Facial bones 3. Clavicle 4. Scapula
5. sternum 6. Ribs 7. Humerus 8. Ulna 9. Radius 10. Carpals 11. Phalanges
12. Metacarpals 13. Femur 14. Patella 15. Tibia 16. Fibula 17. Tarsals
18. metatarsals 19. Phalanges 20. Pelvis 21. Vertebral column
Slide #16: Label bones and sutures. 1. Parietal bone 2. Coronal suture 3.
Frontal bone 4. Temporal bone 5. Squamous suture 6. Occipital bone 7.
Lambdoid suture
Slide #17: Label bones. 1. Frontal bone 2. Zygomatic 3. Mandible 4. Maxillary
Slide #18: What are synovial joints? Give two examples Freely moveable joints—
several types—gliding, saddle, hinge, ball and socket
Slide #19: What are cartilaginous joints? Give two examples. Slightly moveable—
pubic symphysis, vertebral discs, rib cartilage
Slide #20: What are fibrous joints? Give two examples. Immoveable joints—
sutures, gomphosis
Slide #21: What do ligaments bind? Bone to bone
Slide #22: What is the difference between a sprain and a strain? Sprain involves
ligaments, strain involves muscle
Slide #23: What do aging and exercise have to do with bone homeostasis?
Aging takes calcium and phosphorus away from bones, exercise builds the
bones back up
Slide #24: Which of these means sway back? Lordosis—abnormal curve in the
lumbar region
Slide # 25: Kyphosis is an abnormal curve in the thoracic region causing a hump
back?
Slide #26: Which of these means a lateral curve in the vertebrae? Scoliosis
Slide #27: What is this a picture of? A herniated disk