The context
 What does developed vs. developing country mean
(LEDC, MEDC) ?
 More Economically Developed Countries
[MEDCs] have high levels of economic
development compared with Less
Economically Developed Countries [LEDCs].
Why are some countries more developed than
others.
 Geography, resources, human rights, governance?
The challenges that face the global community
 Inequality, debt/poverty, civil war, shortages of world
resources, climate change, health/ diseases (HIV,
Malaria)
 There is a responsibility on governments, charities and
individuals to ensure human rights are protected.
 Global community and the interconnectedness of the UK
to the rest of the world
Globalization process that involves the
widening and deepening and speeding up
and growing impact of worldwide interconnectedness.
It’s a multi faced phenomenon
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Answer these questions
 What is LEDC, MEDC
 What is our global responsibility?
 The _____________________________ divide separates developed
from __________________________ countries. The explanations for
this divide have as much to do with ________________________ as
they do with ______________ geography. Many MEDC’s had
c_____________ in LEDC’s and there are still ________________
imposed on world ____________________. This means the
development gap is getting _______________.
North-south
developing
physical
colonies
political history
trade
restrictions
Ways of changing the current system?
Aid
Trade
Support
Advice
Types of Aid
 Humanitarian Aid- emergencies
 Aid from non governmental organisation- Aid from a
charity
 Development Aid- long term projects
 Bilateral Aid -Bilateral means "two sides". This
type of aid is from one country to another (mainly
tied/conditional aid) eg from UK
 Multilateral Aid -Multilateral means "many sides".
World Health Organisation (WHO) World Banks
Which is which
 Haiti’s earthquake=
 Building of bridges and dams and hospitals=
 Given from one country=
 Raised money given for specific projects=
 Given by many countries=
Humanitarian aid
 Sent quickly in response to an emergency in order to
save lives
 Emergency aid
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Glny4jSciVI
PROS AND CONS
Pro
 Sent quickly
 Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives.
 Aid helps livelihoods and rebuild housing after a
disaster.
Con
 people become to dependant on it and one day it just
stops when they feel the emergency is over
 Eg- Ethiopia- wheat sent when people starving but free
food drove farmers out of business and this reduced their
self sufficiency.
Aid from non government organisation (NGO)
 Given by charities such as Oxfam, save the children
 Find out what is needed in advance
 Make poverty history: (Bono, Geldof)
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UK alliance of more than 500 charities and trade unions, campaigners and celebrities.
2005- key message: trade justice, drop the debt, more and better aid.
White band
Click advert- watch- every 3 seconds a someone dying from extreme poverty.
Pressure on G8 leader
Over the years 289million
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eih_ybKdVXU&feature=related
 Live 8- pressure on G8 leader
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about INEQUALITES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR
Geldof
Play tracks from Live 8
What achieve?

Critics- making poverty history or about making entertainment history.
 Charities, NGOSs
PROS AND CONS
 Pros
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Find out what is needed before- goes on specific projects
Not necessarily going through the government so avoiding
corruption but through local organisations
Effects are evaluated
Free not to be repaid- avoid cycle of debt.
 Cons
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Not a structured amount to rely on BUT then not dependant in the
same way
Aid not always coordinated
Can be used to persuade own agenda- like converting to a certain
religion.
Developmental Aid
 Designed to fund longer term projects that aim to
help people improve their quality of life
Pros and Cons
 Pro
 Helping people build their own wells, schools, health centres
 Building skills
 Helps improve lives longer term and build up their community
 Save time collecting water every day which can be used on jobs, education
 Works best when use countries resources, labour, and supported with education
and training
 Cons
 On some projects- unsustainable and bring few benefits if do not use countries
resources.
 Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large
scale.
 Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than
employees.
 It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign
companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad.
 Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more
Example
The 3 Gorges Dam project
This is an example of a large scale development project designed to:
Create more jobs
Allow large ships to navigate the river and reach Chungong
Create thousands of jobs Develop new towns and farms
Provide 10% of China’s electricity through HEP
Increase tourism along the river Protect precious farmland from flooding
However it also has a number of disadvantages:
Over 150 towns and 4500 thousand villages will be flooded displacing people from
their homes
 1.3 million people will be forced to move
 The river landscape will be forever changed
 The lake which will be created could become very polluted from industrial waste
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 NOW YOU READ ASDAN DAM AND LIST
THE PRO AND CONS
Bilateral Aid
 Given by the government of one country directly to
another.
Pros and Cons
Pros
 Boosts industry
 Quick and effective
 Sent directly to the government who can then decide how to
use it.
Cons
 The money may not go to the right things
 The government may be corrupt
 Aid may be in the form of machinery or means that aren't
useful.
 Debt
Multilateral Aid
 Given from a fund to which several rich countries contribute
 EU
 World Bank- 186 member countries, the World Bank is a
source of financial and technical assistance to developing
countries. It can provide loans and grants for a wide array of
purposes that include investments in education, health, public
administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector
development, agriculture and environmental and natural
resource management.
 International Monetary Fund (IMF) promote global monetary
cooperation, financial stability, international trade,
employment and sustainable economic growth.
Programmes
Structural adjustment programme- Conditionality on
market liberalisation. Problems -focused too much on the
economics, without a sufficient understanding of the
social, the political, the environmental, and the cultural
aspects of society.
 Good governance- new condition to aid
 Then more country ownership- comprehensive
framework (1999) States draw up business plans in
consultation with WB/IMF and civil society org.
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Pros
 More likely to meet the needs of the LEDC
 Longer term development projects
 Conditions on aid can be used to put
political or economic pressure on the
receiving country.
 Same as other general benefits of Aid
Cons
 Less likely to promote the needs of the LEDC
 All these schemes were giving aid with conditions which
were not working
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Loan conditions not met and WB/IMF would suddenly halter aidmeans innocent suffered.
 Debt-loan needed to be repaid- resulting in huge debts-
which are huge burdens on LEDCs
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Nigeria borrowed 3 Billion and has since paid back 9 billion but
interest repayments meant still owes 18 billion
 Aid goes to government they may not give to people-
Corruption stops the aid reaching people who need it.