China in Revolution from 1911
to 1949
Wanli Hu
The China Program Center
UMass Boston
Contents
Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist Revolution
China in the Civil War of Warlords
The New Cultural Movement
The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
The Northern Expedition and the First United Front
The Anti-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945 and the Second
United Front
7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao
8. The Victory of the Communist Party of China in 1949
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist
Revolution (1911-1924)
• Overthrow Manchurian Rule
internally and drive imperialist
powers externally
• Three People’s Principles
• People’s National Consciousness /
Nationalism
• People’s Rights / Democracy
• People’s Livelihood / Socialism
• Be alliance with the Soviet Union and
the Chinese Communist Party
2. The Civil War among Warlords
• Yuan Shikai and his emperor dream
• Northern Factions
– Anhui clique
– Zhili clique
– Fengtian clique
• Southern Factions
– Yunnan clique
– Old Guangxi clique
– Sichuan clique
– Nationalist army
• Minor factions
3.The New Cultural Movement from 1917 to 1923
• China’s reaction to the challenges from the West
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•
•
•
– Self-strengthen movement from 1861 to 1895
– Political reform and revolution in 1898 & 1911
– New Cultural movement from 1910s to 1920s
“Welcome Mr. Democracy and Mr. Science” - Chen
Duxiu
John Dewey vs. Bertrand Russel
Liberalism vs. Socialism
Japan’s Invasion from 1931 to 1945
4. Birth of the Chinese Communist Party
• World War I
• The Versailles Treaty in 1919
• The May Fourth Movement in 1919
– President Wilson’s dilemma
– Lenin’s promise
• The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party in
1921
• GMD (Nationalists) vs. CCP (Communists)
• Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) vs. Mao Zedong
• Pro-American force vs. pro-Russian force
5. The Northern Expedition and the First United Front
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•
•
•
•
The Northern Expedition in 1924
The First United Front between GMD & CCP
The split between Nationalists and Communists in 1927
Communist revolutionary bases
The Long March
1934-1935
(8,000 miles and 370
days)
6. Anti-Japanese War and the Second United Front
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•
•
•
•
•
Japan occupied Northeast in 1931
Japan invaded China in 1937
The Rape of Nanjing
Xi’an Incident
The Second United Front
Japan lost in 1945
7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao
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•
•
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Patrick Hurley’s Mediation from 1944-45
Gorge Marshall’s Mediation from 1945-47
The Civil War between Chiang and Mao from 1946-1949
Competition between Washington and Moscow
Three military campaigns from 1947-49
Mao defeated Chiang and established the People’s Republic
of China in 1949
Outline from 1911-1949
Sun Yat-sen’s Nationalist Revolution
China in Civil War of Warlords
The New Cultural Movement
The Birth of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
The Northern Expedition and the First United Front
The Anti-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945 and the Second
United Front
7. The Civil War between Chiang and Mao
8. The Victory of the Communist Party of China in 1949
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Thank you!
Questions?