CELLS
and their
Organelles
TWO TYPES OF CELLS
 All Cells can be classified
into PROKARYOTES and
EUKARYOTES
 Prokaryotes were the
only form of life on Earth
Millions of years ago until
the more complex
Eukaryotes came to be
via Evolution
 They are very basic cells,
missing a lot of
organelles specifically
they have no membrane
bound nucleus.
Eukaryotic Cells
 Most living organisms are
Eukaryotic.
 These are complex cells with
many parts that work together
 These parts are called
ORGANELLES
 These are membrane bound
structures inside the cell that
perform specific functions that
keep the cell alive and make sure
the cell performs its specific
function for the organism.
Plant
Animal
ORGANELLES
 Each Organelle has a specific role in the cell.
 Its structure is designed specifically to aid in its role.
 All together the organelles work like different parts of
a factory to produce a desired role/product
COPY THIS CHART ON A SHEET YOUR SHEET OF
PAPER (LEAVE ROOM TO WRITE )
Setup a table with
the following
headings Location
on your page
Appearance
Organelle
Function
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The Nucleus
 The nucleus houses chromatin
which is a mass of DNA and
protein.
 The nuclear envelope is a double
membrane perforated with
pores that allow transport of
material back and forth to the
cytoplasm.
 The nucleus is the site of DNA
replication and RNA synthesis
(transcription).
 The Nucleus holds the blueprints
for the whole cell
Endoplasmic Recticulum
 Throughout the cell,
is an enormous
membrane called the
endoplasmic
reticulum, or ER for
short.
• The ER membrane is a
ribbon-like
continuation of the
outside of the nuclear
membrane.
• It is also a nutrient
transportation
organelle.
Golgi Apparatus
 The Golgi
apparatus, like the
ER, is a series of
folded membranes.
 It functions in
producing proteins
(such as enzymes)
 It is the source of
the production of
lysosomes
Lysosomes
 Membrane bound
vesicles that contain
digestive enzymes
(proteins that break
molecules like sugar or
other proteins down)
 The membrane of a
lysosome will fuse with
the membrane of
vacuoles releases these
digestive enzymes to the
interior of the vacuole to
digest the material inside
the vacuole.
Vacuoles
 These are membrane bound sacs that have
many different functions.
 The central vacuole of a plant cell serves as a
large lysosome. It may also function in
absorbing water.
 The central vacuoles of flower petal cells may
hold the pigments that give the flower its
color.
Mitochondria
 Site of respiration:
oxygen used to convert
the chemical energy of
sugars into the highenergy ATP molecules.
 Bound by a double
membrane. The inner
membrane is the folded
(the folds are called
cristae)
 Contain their own DNA
Label
Label
Chloroplasts.
 Chloroplasts are double
membrane bound
organelles
 Site of photosynthesis
 Inner membrane forms a
series of stacked plates
called granum.
 These contain the pigments
that absorb light energy.