What is Culture?
“That complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,
customs, and any other capabilities and
habits acquired by man as a member of
society”
Learning Objectives
• 1. Define key terms in cultural anthropology
• 2. Classify examples by which area of cultural
knowledge they represent
• 3. Differentiate between terms through identifying
examples
• 4. Illustrate understanding of terms through the
use of a personal example
What is Culture?
• Consisting of _________________________
• ____________knowledge and behavior shared by
________________________
• Everything we are outside of ______________
• _____________________that a group of individuals
share
What is Society?
• Refers to ________________
_________________________
• Differs from culture because of
its __________________
• __________= ____________
‘Rural’ & ‘Southeast’ =
geographical descriptions
Elements of Culture
• Culture is _________________
• Ability to ________________________
• How?
• ________________________________
• ____________________________
Elements of Culture
How is Culture Learned?
• Enculturation
• _____________________________
• Acculturation
• ___________________________
• Assimilation
• ___________________________
Element of Culture
How is Culture Learned?
• Diffusion: ____________________________
• Independent Invention: ___________________
• Note: Both are considered components of cultural change
Elements of Culture
• Culture is _______________
• People share a _______________
• People are capable of ________________with each
other without ____________________________
• Culture is reflected by a set of _____________________
Elements of Culture
• Patterns of Behavior – present in all cultures
• ___________________________________
• _________________________________
• Human behavior will vary ________________
Elements of Culture
• Cultural Knowledge
• All the knowledge and information about the world,
for any cultural group
• Anthropologists recognize that the knowledge of
any cultural group differs from the knowledge of
any other group
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Norms: ___________________________
• Implies
• ___________________________
• ___________________________
• _____________________________
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Norms, continued
• Examples
• ___________
• ___________
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Values
• Defined as: ________________________
__________________________________
• __________________about the worthwhileness
of goals and lifestyles
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Values, continued
• _____________________________________
• Profound, but partly unconscious, ___________________
• ________________
• ________________
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Culture is ______________________
• Symbol: _______________________
_______________________________
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Culture is _____________
• ___________________
___________________
Elements of Culture
Cultural Knowledge
• Taboo
• Those actions that are _________________
• Some __________, while some ____________
• Examples
• ______________
• ______________
Human Diversity in Time & Space
• Universality
• Something that ____________________
• Examples include:
• ____________
• _____________
• ____________
• ____________
Human Diversity in Time & Space
• Generality
• ____________________________________
• Examples:
• ___________
• __________________
Human Diversity in Time & Space
• Particularity
• ______________
• Examples
• ____________
Bara tomb in the Isalo National
Park, Madagascar
Levels of Culture
• International Culture:
• _________________________________
• National Culture:
• __________________________________
• __________________________________
• Subcultures:
• ____________________________________
Culture & Biology
• Do culture differences have a biological basis?
• Biological Determinism
• _____________________________________
• ____________________________________
• ________________________________________
Culture and Biology
• We will discuss nature vs. nurture later in the course but for
now be aware that:
• _________________________________
• ___________________________________
• Some ‘behaviors’ are believed to have a _____________
____________________________________________
• _____________
• ______________
Example of
Coevolution: Got Milk?
• Many populations experience a _________
____________________________
• Anthropologists Found:
• ___________________________________
• What unites these regions?
• _________________________________
Ethnocentrism, Cultural
Relativism, and Human Rights
• Ethnocentrism
• Stereotype
• Cultural relativism
• Cultural Generalization
Summary
Culture is:
• __________________________________
• ____________________________________
• ______________________________________