Terminology of Medical Disciplines
To understand disease causes, effects,
prevention, and treatment . . . it is
necessary to understand the language!
The “Ologies” and More
•
•
•
•
1. Anatomy
the structure of living things
1a. Gross Anatomy
the study of features observed with the
naked eye
• 1b. Histology
• the of anatomical features with the
assistance of a microscope
The “Ologies” and More
• 2. Physiology
• the activities of living things; how they
occur
• 3. Embryology
• the development of the embryo in-utero
The “Ologies” and More
• 4. Microbiology
• study of microscopic organisms
– 4a. Bacteriology
– 4b. Virology
The “Ologies” and More
• 5. Electronmicroscopy
• study of organisms using a electron micro.
• 6. Immunology
• study of immunity and it factors
The “Ologies” and More
•
•
•
•
•
7. Pathology
study of disease
7a. Gross pathology = unaided eye
7b. Histopathology = disease of tissues
7c. Pathophysiology = mechanisms of
disease production
• 7d. Clinical pathology = disease causes
utilizing certain laboratory methods
Important Medical Terminology
Medical Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
Disease
‘not at ease’; deviation from the norm
Etiology
study of the cause of the disease
Diagnosis
determine the nature and cause of disease
Medical Terms
• Prognosis
• forecast of “probable” outcome or results of
having a disease
• Morbidity
• ratio of sick animals to well (%age)
• Mortality
• death rate (%age)
Medical Terms
• Pathogen
• disease causing agent
• Pathogenesis
• development of the disease, “process”
• Prophylaxis
• prevention of disease
Medical Terms
• Pathognomonic
• an alteration that indicates “without doubt”
the cause of a particular disease
• i.e. Negri bodies in the hippocampus
• Lesion
• a morphologic change in tissue caused be a
disease process
Medical Terms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Necropsy
the examine a dead animal (Post Mortem)
Symptom
a clinical sign “evidence” (lameness, swell)
Acute
a rapid onset with sever pain
Chronic
persisting over a long period of time
Medical Terms
• Idiopathic
• of unknown cause
• Iatrogenic
• disease caused by erroneous treatment
The Body as a Whole
•
•
•
•
•
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organism
General Body Compartments
• Cranial cavity
• Thoracic cavity
• Abdominal cavity (peritoneum)
• Pelvic cavity
The Systems
Digestive System
converts substances to simpler ones
•
•
•
•
•
Contains . . .
Digestive tract
Salivary glands
Liver (Hepatic)
Pancreas
Respiratory System
provides oxygen so energy can occur
•
•
•
•
•
Nasal or Oral cavity
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli
Circulatory System
carry products of digestion and
respiration all over the body
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Tissue fluid
Lymphatic fluid
Excretory System
removes waste
•
•
•
•
•
•
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Lungs
Skins
Nervous System
specialized to coordinate body activity
• CNS
– Brain
– Spinal cord
• PNS
– cranial nerves
– spinal nerves
Reproductive System
responsible for perpetuation of species
• Pituitary hormones
• Gonadal hormones
• Sexual parts
• Endocrine System
– not a “system”, but works together via
hormonal action from ductless glands to
coordinate activities with nervous system
– What is Endocrenology?
Introduction to Terminology of
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A, An
Ab
Aero
Ambi
Anero
Angio
Ante
Anti
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Arthro
Auto
Bi
Brady
Broncho
Carcino
Cardio
Cephalo
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cide
Cutaneous
Cryo
Crypto
Cyte
Derm
Dys
Ecto
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Emia
Encephalo
Endo
Entero
Epi
Galacto
Gastro
Glyco
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hema
Hepato
Hetero
Histo
Homo
Hyper
Hydro
Hypo
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Inter
Intra
In-utero
In-vitro
In-vivo
Iso
Itis
Leuco
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lysis
Macro
Mal
Mania
Mast
Metri
Micro
Myco
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Myo
Necro
Neo
Nephro
Neuro
Non
Ology
Oma
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Opthalmo
Os
Oscopy
Osis
Osteo
Otomy
Paresis
Partum
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pathy
Per os
Peri
Phage
Phobia
Pnea
Pneumo
Poly
Prefixes and Suffixes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Post
Pre
Pulmo
Pyelo
Pyo=purulent
Renal
Rhino
Septic
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sero
Stasis
Stoma
Sub
Thermo
Tox
Tracheo
Uni
Prefixes and Suffixes
• Uria
• Vaso
• Verm
• On to vet school . . .