Unit 5 Warm Ups-Evolution
Mrs. Hilliard
Unit 5 Vocabulary
Quiz 1
Quiz 2
1. Natural Selection-
12.Biodiversity-
2. Adaptation-
13.Extinction-
3. Theory-
14.Speciation-
4. Law- Truths that are valid
everywhere in the universe.
15.Coevolution-
5. Hypothesis6. Fossil (Record)- the preserved
remains or traces of animals,
plants, and other organisms
that lived long ago. Everything
living was not preserved as a
fossil.
16.Adaptive Radiation17.Gradualism18.Punctuated Equilibrium19.Endosymbiosis20.Gene Pool21.Directional Selection-
7. Embryology-
22.Stabilizing Selection-
8. Homologous (Structures)-
23.Disruptive Selection-
9. Relative dating10.Radiometric dating11.Geologic History (time scale)-
Vocabulary Quiz 1
1.
Natural Selection- the process in which individuals that are better adapted to
their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well
adapted individuals do.
2.
Adaptation- an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves
a population’s ability to survive.
3.
Theory- a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is
supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific
investigation.
4.
Law- Truths that are valid everywhere in the universe.
5.
Hypothesis- a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation.
6.
Fossil (Record)- the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other
organisms from the that lived long ago. Everything living was not preserved as
a fossil.
7.
Embryology- the study of the development of an animal from the fertilized egg
to the new adult organism.
8.
Homologous (Structures)- describes a character that is shared by a group of
species because it is inherited from a common ancestor.
9.
Relative dating- a method of determining whether an event or object, such as
a fossil, is older or younger than other events or objects without referring to
the object’s age in years.
10. Radiometric dating- a method of determining the absolute age of an object by
comparing the relative percentages of a radioactive isotope and a stable
isotope.
11. Geologic History (time scale)- the standard method used to divide the Earht’s
long natural history into manageable parts.
Vocabulary Quiz 2
12.Biodiversity
19.Endosymbiosis
13.Extinction
20.Gene Pool
14.Speciation
21.Directional
Selection
15.Coevolution
16.Adaptive
Radiation
17.Gradualism
18.Punctuated
Equilibrium
22.Stabilizing
Selection
23.Disruptive
Selection
Vocabulary Quiz 2
12. Biodiversity- the variety of organisms in
a given area or the genetic variation
within a population.
mass extinctions and rapid speciation,
are separated by long periods of little or
no change.
13. Extinction- the death of every member 19. Endosymbiosis- a mutually beneficial
of a species.
relationship in which one organism lives
within another.
14. Speciation- the formation of a new
species as a result of evolution.
20. Gene Pool- the total set of genes,
including all alleles, that are present in
15. Coevolution- the evolution of two or
a population at any one point in time.
more species that is due to mutual
influence, often in a way that makes
21. Directional Selection- a natural
the relationship more mutually
selection process in which one genetic
beneficial.
variation is selected that causes a
change in the overall genetic
16. Adaptive Radiation- an evolutionary
composition of the population.
pattern in which many species evolve
from a single ancestral species.
22. Stabilizing Selection- a type of natural
selection in which the average form of a
17. Gradualism- a model of evolution in
trait is favored and becomes more
which gradual change over a long
common.
period of time leads to biological
diversity.
23. Disruptive Selection- a type of natural
selection in which two extreme forms of
18. Punctuated Equilibrium- a model of
a trait are selected.
evolution in which short periods of
drastic change in species, including
Types of Natural Selection
 Directional Selection- a natural selection process in
which one genetic variation is selected that causes a
change in the overall genetic composition of the
population.
 Stabilizing Selection- a type of natural selection in which
the average form of a trait is favored and becomes more
common.
 Disruptive Selection- a type of natural selection in which
two extreme forms of a trait are selected.
Evolution
1. What is Evolution?
2. What did Darwin explain?
3. What is an adaptation?
4. What allows for natural selection to occur?
5. From the illustration, an analysis of the organisms’ DNA
sequence would show what?
6. From the illustration, what does the similarities in
structures suggest?
7. From the illustration, what are the bones that are red
and orange called?
8. In natural selection, what selects the desired traits?
Evolution
1. What is Evolution? Change in species over time.
2. What did Darwin explain? A mechanism for evolution
(how evolution can happen)
3. What is an adaptation? A trait that allows organisms to
survive and reproduce better than others without the
trait in a specific environment.
4. What allows for natural selection to occur? Genetic
Variation in populations
5. From the illustration, an analysis of the organisms’ DNA
sequence would show what? Their nucleotide sequences
are similar
6. From the illustration, what does the similarities in
structures suggest? A common ancestor
7. From the illustration, what are the bones that are red
and orange called? Homologous structures
8. In natural selection, what selects the desired traits? The
environment
Darwin and Offspring
9. What happens when species fail to produce more
descendants/offspring?
10.What condition must be present in a population before
evolution can act upon it?
11.The most important evidence supporting Darwin’s theory
of evolution came from what branch of science?
12.What are the pieces of evidence that support the theory
of evolution?
13.What does the study of developmental biology tell us
about evolution?
14.Why did Darwin think that the plants and animals of the
Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby
coast of South America?
15.The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of
their beaks. Why did Darwin think the beaks were
different?
Darwin and Offspring
9. What happens when species fail to produce more
descendants/offspring? They become Extinct
10.What condition must be present in a population before
evolution can act upon it? Genetic Variation
11.The most important evidence supporting Darwin’s theory
of evolution came from what branch of science? Genetics
12.What are the pieces of evidence that support the theory
of evolution? Homologous structures, the fossil record,
similarities and differences in DNA sequences.
13.What does the study of developmental biology tell us
about evolution? Closely related species will show
similarities in embryos.
14.Why did Darwin think that the plants and animals of the
Galápagos Islands were similar to those of the nearby
coast of South America? Their ancestors had migrated
from South America to the Galápagos Islands.
15.The finches that Darwin studied differed in the shape of
their beaks. Why did Darwin think the beaks were
different? The finches probably had become adapted to
eating different diets.
Fossils
16.What do the layers of sedimentary rock tell us?
17.What did Lamarck and Darwin have similar views of?
18.What was the major idea that Darwin presented in his
book The Origin of Species?
19.What are fossils?
20.Based on the illustration, what can we determine about
the fossils of horses and current horses?
21.When would a well-adapted species become poorly
adapted?
22.What is the estimated age of the Earth?
Fossils
16.What do the layers of sedimentary rock tell us? The age
of the earth
17.What did Lamarck and Darwin have similar views of?
adaptations to the environment (organisms adapt to
their environment)
18.What was the major idea that Darwin presented in his
book The Origin of Species? Species changed over time
by natural selection.
19.What are fossils? Traces of organisms that lived in the
past
20.Based on the illustration, what can we determine about
the fossils of horses and current horses? The horses
changed from having 4 toes to one.
21.When would a well-adapted species become poorly
adapted? When the environment changes faster than
adaptations can evolve
22.What is the estimated age of the Earth? 4.6 billion years
old
A
Geologic time scale and
fossils
23.What evidence is used to determine the geologic time
scale?
24.What can we determine by looking at fossils of early
hominids (humans)?
25.What characteristic is most easily inferred (concluded) from
the measurement of a fossil skull’s cranial capacity?
26.Lucy’s skeleton revealed that she was bipedal. What does
bipedal mean?
27.From the illustration, what is the organism labeled A?
28.By examining the skeletons in the diagram, what could
scientists conclude that only the primate labeled “A” could
do?
29.What was the first member of the genus Homo?
30.Which early human Hunted large animals, used fire, and
lived in caves?
B
A
Geologic time scale and
fossils
23. What evidence is used to determine the geologic time scale? The
fossil record (radiometric dating or relative dating)
24. What can we determine by looking at fossils of early hominids
(humans)? Their diet (based on their teeth), brain size, age
25. What characteristic is most easily inferred (concluded) from the
measurement of a fossil skull’s cranial capacity? Brain size (cannot
determine intelligence from size of brain)
26. Lucy’s skeleton revealed that she was bipedal. What does bipedal
mean? Walked on 2 legs (walked upright)
27. From the illustration, what is the organism labeled A? hominid
(human)
28. By examining the skeletons in the diagram, what could scientists
conclude that only the primate labeled “A” could do? Walk upright
on two legs (bipedal)
29. What was the first member of the genus Homo? Homo habilis
30. Which early human Hunted large animals, used fire, and lived in
caves? Homo erectus
B
Human Evolution
31.What are modern humans are most closely related to?
32.Why do most scientists hypothesize that Homo sapiens
evolved in Africa?
33.A new antibiotic developed to treat staph has become
widely prescribed by doctors to patients with staph
infections. Over time the number of patients seen with
staph has declined. However, the number of patients with a
rare form of bacteria that causes the infection begin to rise.
Why is this strain of bacteria so prevalent (common) now?
34.What should doctors do to ensure that treatment for
diseases do not become useless?
35.What types of adaptations do plants have in the desert?
Tropical rain forest? Tundra?
36.What types of adaptations do animals have in the desert?
Temperate forest? Tundra?
Human Evolution
31. What are modern humans are most closely related to? Neanderthals
32. Why do most scientists hypothesize that Homo sapiens evolved in Africa?
Most human mitochondria have very similar genes.
33. A new antibiotic developed to treat staph has become widely prescribed
by doctors to patients with staph infections. Over time the number of
patients seen with staph has declined. However, the number of patients
with a rare form of bacteria that causes the infection begin to rise. Why
is this strain of bacteria so prevalent (common) now? Resistance to the
antibiotic due to evolution of the bacteria
34. What should doctors do to ensure that treatment for diseases do not
become useless? Prescribe less of the antibiotic (use a different
antibiotic) or prescribe the antibiotic for a shorter period of time.
35. What types of adaptations do plants have in the desert? Tropical rain
forest? Tundra? Flowers open at night, deep root system, store water
(succulents). Drip tips to prevent fungus and bacteria, shallow roots,
climb on other trees. Less than 12” in height, grow in clumps, dark
colored to absorb heat.
36. What types of adaptations do animals have in the desert? Temperate
forest? Tundra? Hibernate, burrow in soil, migrate. Cache- store food,
hibernate, migrate. Migrate, hibernate, thick fur/feathers.