What is the meaning of
weather and climate?
Copy the definition for:
Weather =
the state of the atmosphere around us
(changes every day)
Climate =
the average weather over a period of time
(many years)
The 4 main parts of the weather
Precipitation
(How much it has
rained / snowed
and how wet it is)
Visibility
(How much we can see
Is it foggy / dusty?)
Temperature
(How hot or cold it is)
Wind
(How fast it is and which
direction it will travel)
Final Task – Build a sentence
 Level 3/C
The word weather means…
The word climate means.
Describe what the weather it is like today.
 Level 4/B
The word weather means.
The word climate means.
The weather today is… (use specific examples like wind, visibility,
precipitation)
 Level 5/A
The difference between weather and climate is…
The weather today is… (use examples like wind, visibility, precipitation)
The weather in the UK is… (use examples like wind, visibility,
precipitation)
It is important for humans to know the weather because…
Important words
 Condensation
 Water vapour
(con/den/sa/tion)
 Ice
 Evaporation
(e/vap/or/ation)
 Water turns from gas to a liquid
 Liquid water
 Water turns from a liquid into a gas
 Solid water
 Plain H2O
 Water gas
The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle in more detail
Places get warm because of the _______. It heats up the ________,
and the ______. The warm air ________, so ______ air ________ in
to replace it. This cold air is ______.
The water from the oceans __________ to become a gas ( _________
__________).
As warm air rises it ________ down. The water vapour ____________.
That’s why we get ________. When the clouds become too
_________, it rains.
Sometimes when the weather is very ________ the water droplets
may fall as __________, hailstone or sleet.
Clouds causes rises rising cold raining sun evaporates ocean
snow condenses cold evaporation flows condensation heavy
wind water vapour cools Earth
Places get warm because of the s_______. It heats up the
E________ and the o______. The warm air r________, so c______
air f________ in to replace it. This cold air is w______.
The water from the oceans r__________ to become a gas
( w_________ v__________).
As warm air rises high it c________ down. The water vapour
c____________. The tiny droplets form c________. When the
clouds become too h_________, it rains.
Sometimes when the weather is very c________ the water droplets
may fall as s__________, hailstone or sleet.
Clouds causes rises rising cold raining sun evaporates ocean
snow condenses cold evaporation flows condensation heavy
wind water vapour cools Earth
Type of
weather
Instrument
How it works
Units it
measures in
Temperature
Anemometer
The arm points in the same direction
that the wind is travelling in
Degrees
celcius (ºC)
Wind speed
Thermometer
The person recording looks at how much
of the sky is covered in cloud, they
divide the sky into 8ths
Kilometres
per hour
(kph)
Wind
direction
Rain gauge
The metal cups rotate in the wind.
The stronger the wind, the faster
the cups turn.
Precipitation
Barometer
This records the force of the air on the
surface of the earth
Air pressure
Eyes
Cloud cover
Weather vane
A container is placed in a stationary
position and records how much
rain/sleet/snow/hail falls.
The liquid (mercury or spirit) in the bulb
at the bottom expands as it gets warm
and rises up a tube. You can then read
off the value.
Compass
direction
(NSEW)
Millimeters
(mm)
Millibars
(mB)
Oktas
(8ths)
Type of weather
Instrument
Units it measures
in
Temperature
Thermometer
Degrees celcius
(ºC)
Wind speed
Anemometer
Kilometres per
hour (kph)
Wind direction
Weather vane
Compass direction
(NSEW)
Precipitation
Rain gauge
Millimeters (mm)
Air pressure
Barometer
Millibars (mB)
Cloud cover
Eyes
Oktas (8ths)
Temperature
Temperature is a measure of how warm or cool it is.
The units of temperature are degrees Celsius °C or degrees
Fahrenheit °F. (Like MPH and KMPH)
How is temperature measured?
Temperature is measured using a thermometer.
Most thermometers are made so liquid (mercury or spirit) in the
bulb at the bottom expands as it gets warm and rises up a tube.
Temperatures are measured in the shade, so the sun’s rays do not
heat up the instrument being used.
Air pressure
The force exerted on the
Earth by the air above.
Air pressure is measured using a
barometer.
It records it in millibars (mB)
Air pressure changes with height, the
higher up we go, the more air pressure.
Wind Direction:
• A Weather vane records the
direction the wind is blowing in.
• It spins and points towards the
direction.
• A compass direction can be
calculated:
– North
– South
– East
– West
Wind speed
Wind is simply moving air.
Wind speed is a measure of
how fast the air is moving. It
is measured using an
anemometer
An anemometer has metal cups
that rotate in the wind. The
stronger the wind, the faster the
cups turn.
Precipitation: Rainfall
Rain is a type of precipitation, Snow, sleet,
hail, dew and fog are also types of
precipitation.
Precipitation occurs when water
vapour in the air cools and
condenses into water droplets.
Rainfall is measured using a rain
gauge.
Rainfall is usually measured in
millimetres (mm).
Cloud Cover
• Your eyes are the most
useful tools to measure
the weather
• You can look at the sky
and see how much is
covered in cloud
• We record this in Oktas
• 1 Okta is ⅛th
• A full sky of cloud would
be 8 Oktas
Beaufort scale
How is wind speed estimated without an anemometer?
The Beaufort scale measures wind intensity using the
effects of wind to estimate its speed.
It uses a scale
from 0 to 12.
0 on the scale means
there is no wind.
12 indicates
hurricane
conditions.
Type of
weather
Instrument
How it works
Units it
measures in
Temperature
Thermometer
The liquid (mercury or
spirit) in the bulb at
the bottom expands as
it gets warm and rises
up a tube. You can
then read off the
value.
Degrees
celcius (ºC)
Wind speed
Anemometer
The metal cups rotate
in the wind. The
stronger the wind, the
faster the cups turn.
Kilometres per
hour (kph)
Wind
direction
Weather vane
The arm points in
the same direction
that the wind is
travelling in
Compass
direction
(NSEW)
Precipitation
Rain gauge
A container is placed
in a stationary position
and records how much
rain/sleet/snow/hail
falls.
Millimeters
(mm)
Air pressure
Barometer
This records the force
of the air on the
surface of the earth.
Millibars (mB)
Cloud cover
Eyes
The person recording
looks at how much of
the sky is covered in
cloud, they divide the
sky into 8ths
Oktas (8ths)
Picture
1.Rain gauge
a) A rain gauge is used to measure:
The amount of rain that has fallen. Rain is a type
of precipitation
b) The rain gauge is:
A container which gathers the rainfall.
c) The unit of measurement used is:
Millimeters (mm)
2.Anemometer
a) An anemometer is used to measure:
b) The anemometer is:
c) The unit of measurement used is:
2.Anemometer
a) An anemometer is used to measure:
The speed of the wind.
b) The anemometer is:
made of metal cups which catch wind and spin.
The faster the wind, the more they spin.
C) The unit of measurement used is:
Killometers per hour (KPH)
3.Barometer
a) A barometer is used to measure:
b) The barometer is:
A gauge (like a clock) which measures the
pressure the sky exerts (puts) on the Earth.
C) The unit of measurement used is:
4.Eyes
a) Eyes are used to measure:
b) The eyes are:
A part of the body which we use to see things.
We measure the amount of sky that is covered
with clouds by dividing it in to 8 parts and check
how many parts are covered.
C) The unit of measurement used:
Quick Fire Activity
Name 5 extreme weather events
beginning with the following letters:
H____________________
H____________________
M____________________
S____________________
F____________________
Why is climate so different in different places,
and in different months?
EARTHS TILT
LATITUDE
WIND DIRECTION/
SPEED
DISTANCE
FROM THE
COAST
HEIGHT
ABOVE SEA
LEVEL OR
ALTITUDE
Factors that
influence
climate
OCEAN
TEMPERATURE
1.Use page 84 and 85 to add drawings to your spider diagram
2. Explain a. latitude b. altitude c. wind direction
Climate data for London
The climate generally gives us average temperature and precipitation
As geographers we can represent this in an excellent and interesting way!!
A way that will allow us to compare them both visually……..
A climate graph.
Here is your data……
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Average
temperature
(˚C)
8
8
11
14
17
21
23
23
19
15
11
8
Precipitation
(mm)
55
40
41
43
49
44
44
49
49
68
59
55
Climates around the world
Type
Climate
Countries
Desert
Very dry and hot all year
round, especially in summer,
with cooler winters
Very cold all year. Many parts
covered in snow and ice.
Saudi Arabia
Egypt
Australia
Canada
Serbia
Polar
Mountain High up and cold. Lots of rain
and snow.
Maritime
Tropical
Switzerland
China
Very wet. Warm summers and UK
cool winters.
France
Holland
Rainy and hot most of the year Brazil
with a dry season
Madagascar
India
Picture
•
Key words and definitions
•
Altitude: How high a place is, above sea level
•
Atmosphere: The air or climate around us / a layer of gas around the
Earth.
Frontal rainfall: A warm front (warm air) meets a cold
front, causing it to condense and rain.
High pressure This weather type bring clear skies with
no clouds.
Hurricane: A severe depression, with very strong winds.
•
Climate change: How the Earth and its climate are changing due to the
Earth getting warmer.
•
Climate: The average weather conditions of an area usually measured over
30 years
Low pressure: This weather type of weather brings wind
and rain.
•
Compass: An instrument used to show direction, with a magnetic needle
that points North.
Meteorologist: This is a person who studies the weather
•
Condensation: When water vapour (gas) cools to form water droplets
(liquid). This process produces clouds, mist and fog
•
Convectional rainfall: The sun heats the Earth, convection currents of
warm air rise, water vapour condenses and rain falls.
•
Depression: A low pressure weather system that brings wet and windy
weather.
•
Earths tilt: The angle the earth rotates around the sun
•
Equator: An imaginary circle around the centre of the Earth,
dividing it into two parts.
Weather Forecast: A prediction of what the weather
will be like.
•
Evaporation When rain (liquid) or ice or snow (solid) is heated up to change
to water vapour (gas).
Weather: The state of the atmosphere at one place at
one time (can change daily).
•
Latitude: How far a place is North or South of the
equator.
Meteorology: This is the study of weather
Microclimate: Where variations in the weather
conditions occur over a small area.
Ocean current: how warm or cold the sea is.
Relief rainfall: When warm air is forced to rise above a
mountain, in to a higher, cooler place causing it to
condense and rain.
Water vapour: The liquid water, in its Gas form.
LATITUDE
This means the distance from the Equator. It is one of
the main factors that affects climate. The Earth is tilted
so some of the suns rays which hit the middle (equator
area) are the hottest and those that hit the top (UK) and
bottom of Earth are spread out so they are not so hot.
EARTH’S TILT
The Earth is tilted as it orbits (travels around) the Sun.
One full orbit takes one year. The tilt is the reasons we
get different seasons. When our country is tilted
towards the Earth it is hotter (Summer), when it is tilted
away it is colder (Winter).
WIND DIRECTION/SPEED
When air travels from colder regions then it brings cold wind with it. If
the wind comes across the ocean then it will bring water vapour with it.
When water vapour cools down with the cold wind it becomes rain!
ALTITUDE (HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL)
The higher you are the cooler it becomes. The temperature
can drop 1*C for every 100 metres you go up. That’s why its so
cold on top of mountains.