Modern World History
1930's Totalitarianism
USSR & Nazi Germany
Communism-USSR
Nazi Germany
Adolf Hitler Political Party
Joseph Stalin
Fuehrer & Reich Chancellor
& Leader(s)
General Secretary of the Communist Party
National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)
Dictatorship
One Party Rule
no elections
Extreme Nationalism
Political Ideology
Dictatorship
Social Darwinism - racial superiority
One Party Rule
Militaristic
Only pre-selected members of the Communist Party could run in elections
Anti-Communism
Anti-Democracy
Goebbels - Minister of Propaganda
Book burning - ideas/author
newspapers/radio pro-Nazi only
mass rallies/ parades / speeches
90% believed / supported propaganda
movies - Olympics
Total Government control over all written publications & radio broadcasts.
Schools & Youth Movements communicated Nazi ideas-
Censorship of all other materials.
Hitler's book "Mien Kampf" - my struggle
Use of Propaganda &
Freedom of Media
Government media continually glorifying Stalin & success of communism.
Art, books. movies & music had to be authorized by government
(Communist Party) and promote national and party goals.
Stalin Propaganda Posters
very harsh penalties for anti-Nazi/hitler comments
Government wrote curriculum for all schools. Students were taught that to
Education & Youth
Programs
Nazi ideology taught in schools
serve USSR & the Communist Party.
young people followed Nazi ideology
Students were encouraged to join "Young Communists"
textbooks rewritten - Teachers must teach/support nazi ideas
Children were encouraged to report any "counter-revolutionary"
Hitler Youth - camping, sports competition, physical training,
statements to their teachers - even from their parents.
Methods used to enforce
SA - Storm troopers - used to intimidate political opponents as Nazi's rose to power. Night of the
laws & control
No individual rights (speech, religion, travel) recognized.
population
Slave Labor Camps (Gulags) established to imprison all political prisoner.
Long Knives - Executes SA leadership
NDVD (KGB) Secret Police spied on all levels of society.
SS - Hitler's Private Bodyguard - Elite, fanatical nazi - run concentration camp system used to
Torture used to gain "confessions".
imprison political opponents later is the death camps for Jews, Gypsies or anyone Nazi's saw as
Relatives & friends threatened to force people to become informants.
"inferior"
People were encouraged to report any "counter-revolutionary) statements.
Purges of political enemy's
Religion
Show Trials
Gestapo - Secret Police, power to arrest anyone believed to be an enemy of the state/nazi/hitler
USSR declared an atheist state.
Fuehrer
Churches were destroyed or turned into Museums
Catholic & Protestant - Churches were "encouraged" to promote nazi beliefs
Anti-Semitic
Social Equality
Women gained political & social equality. By 1950 women made up 75% of
USSR doctors.
KKK - Children, Church & Cooking - Women
Discrimination - Slavic, Homesexuals, Gypsies, Mentally ill,
Unemployment ended quickly - increased production - rearming Germany by increasing military
production
Built - roads, hospitals, etc..
Economic Ideology
Command Economy. All business nationalized.
Aimed for Self sufficient economy - nationalistic and for future war
Collectivization of farmland.
5 Year Plans used to set targets for all agricultural & industrial production
Everyone expected to work for betterment of Nazi State
Industrialization proceeded quickly under state direction.
State directed economy but private ownership of most businesses