PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
Topic / Objectives: Pictorial Drawings
 Identify types of pictorial drawings.
 Centering isometric, cavalier, & cabinet drawings.
 Sketch & draw isometric drawings using an
isometric object.
 Sketch & draw isometric drawings using a
multiview drawing.
 Draw a cavalier, cabinet, & two point perspective
drawings.
PICTORIAL DRAWINGS
When we view large objects in a room or outdoors, we generally
see them as a perspective view.
In a perspective drawing objects are small as they get further
away.
One way to represent this on paper is a 2-point perspective
drawings. Lines trailing off into the distance converge to a point.
When we view most smaller items from a far
enough distance the perspective is hard to notice.
There is an easier way to represent these objects
with an Isometric Drawing.
ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS
•
•
•
The object is held with one vertical edge, then tilted toward the
viewer until the other horizontal edge are at a 30 degree angles.
All three axes are scaled equally at 120 degrees.
Since all lines are parallel, isometric drawings can be created
quickly.
Isometric and Non-isometric lines & planes
 In an isometric drawing, true length
distances can only be measured along
isometric lines, that is, lines that run
parallel to any of the isometric axes.
Any line that does not run parallel to
an isometric axis is called a nonisometric line
 Non-isometric lines include inclined
and oblique lines and can not be
measured directly. Instead they must
be created by locating two end points.
Drawing of Circle and Arcs
In isometric drawing, a circle appears as an
ellipse.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Sketch arcs that connect the
tangent points.
Isometric Drawing
Drawing of Circle and Arcs
Four-center method is usually used when drawn
an isometric ellipse with drawing instrument.
Sketching Steps
1. Locate the center of an ellipse.
2. Construct an isometric square.
3. Construct a perpendicular
bisector from each tangent point.
4. Locate the four centers.
5. Draw the arcs with these centers
and tangent to isometric square.
Drawing of Circle and Arcs
The fastest and most accurate way to draw an ellipse for
an isometric drawing is to use an ellipse template.
Hidden Lines
Hidden lines are not usually
shown in isometric sketches
unless they are needed to
show a feature that would be
unclear.
Usually the orientation for
the isometric drawing should
be chosen so that hidden
lines aren’t needed.
Holes are assumed to go
completely through the
object unless their depth is
indicated with a note or with
hidden lines.
IDENTIFING PICTORIALS DRAWINGS
ISOMETRIC
CAVALIER
CABINET
TWO-POINT
PERSPECTIVE
CAVALIER & CABINET DRAWINGS
CAVALIER & CABINET DRAWINGS
Cavalier drawings are drawn with the full depth.
Reason for doing a cavalier drawing:
Accurate dimensions.
Cabinet drawings are drawn with a shortened(1/2) depth.
They get their name from the furniture industry.
Reasons for doing cabinet drawing:
More natural look.
Sometimes shows more detail.
PERSPECTIVE & OBLIQUE
Centering an Isometric Drawing
1. After drawing the border and title
block find the center of the
workspace.
2. Starting at the center of the
workspace draw a 30 degrees line
down to the right half the length of
the object.
3. From the end of the first line draw a
30 degree line to the left half the
width of the object.
4. From the end of the second line draw
a 90 degree line down half the height
of the object.
5. Start drawing the overall isometric
box for the object from the last point.
X
30° half the length
30° half the width
90° half the height
Centering an Isometric Object
What are the measurements
needed to center this object as
an isometric drawing?
The length of the object.
The width of the object.
The height of the object.
X
30° half the length = 3”
30° half the width = 2 ¼”
90° half the height = 1 13/16”
Essential Questions:
•What is an isometric drawing?
A pictorial drawing of an object positioned so that all three axes
make equal angles(120 degrees) with each other.
•How do you center an isometric drawing?
Starting from the center of the workspace:
(1) draw a 30° line to the right half the length of the object
(2) draw a 30° line to the left half the width
(3) draw a line straight down half the height of the object.
•What is the difference between a cavalier and cabinet
drawings?
A cavalier drawing goes back the full size of the width of the object
while the cabinet drawing only goes back half the width.
The cabinet drawing looks better proportionally than the cavalier
drawing.