Name __________________ Date _______
MID – TERM Learning Objectives
Chapters 1, 3 - 6, 14
Chapter 1 Orientation of the Body
1) An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
1.1.1______Define anatomy and physiology.
1.1.2______Explain how anatomy and physiology are related.
2) Levels of Structural Organization
1.2.1______Name the levels of structural organization that make up the human body and explain how they are
related.
1.2.2 ______Name the organ systems of the body and briefly state the major functions of each system.
1.2.3 ______Classify by organ system all organs discussed.
1.2.4 ______Identify the organs shown on a diagram or a dissectible torso.
3) Homeostasis
1.3.1_______Define homeostasis, explain its importance and explain how maintaining it works.
1.3.2______Define negative/positive feedback and describe its role in maintaining homeostasis and normal
body function.
4) The Language of Anatomy
1.4.1 ______Verbally describe or demonstrate the anatomical position.
1.4.2 ______Use proper anatomical terminology to describe body directions, surfaces, and body planes.
1.4.3 ______ Use proper anatomical terminology to describe the major regional terms of the body
1.4.4 ______Locate the major body cavities and list the chief organs in each cavity.
1.4.5 ______ Name the membranes that line each body cavity and adhere to the organs.
Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues
Cells
3.1.1 ______Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane).
3.1.2 ______Define and explain the processes of selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and facilitated diffusion and
osmosis), active transport, passive transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, hypertonic,
hypotonic, and isotonic.
3.1.3______Describe plasma membrane structure and explain how the various transport processes account for the directional
movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
Tissues
3.2.1 _______ Name and identify the major types of epithelial tissue, and related each one to a particular organ.
3.2.2 _______ Name and identify the major types of connective tissue, and related each one to a particular organ.
3.2.3 _______ Name and identify the major types of muscular tissue, and related each one to a particular organ.
3.2.4 _______ Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and functionally.
3.2.5 _______ Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
Chapter 4 Body Membranes & The Skin
1) Classification of Body Membranes
4.1.1_____ List the general functions of each membrane type-cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial-and
give its location in the body.
4.1.2_____ Compare the structure (tissue makeup) of the major membrane types.
2) Identification/Structure of the Integumentary System
4.2.1_____ When provided with a model or diagram of the skin, recognize and name the major and minor
parts.
4.2.2_____ Name the layers of the epidermis and describe the characteristics of each.
3) Function of the Integumentary System
4.3.1_____ List several important functions of the integumentary system and explain how these functions
are accomplished.
4.3.2_____ Describe the distribution and function of the epidermal derivatives-sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, and hair.
4.3.3_____ Name the factors that determine skin color and describe the function of melanin.
4) Homeostasis/Disorders of the Integumentary System
4.4.1_____ Differentiate between first-, second-, and third-degree burns.
4.4.2 _____ Explain the importance of the "rule of nines."
4.4.3 _____ Summarize the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and
malignant melanoma.
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System
5.1 Bones: An Overview
5.1.1 ______Identify the subdivisions of the skeleton as axial or appendicular.
5.1.2 ______List functions of the skeletal system.
5.1.3 ______Name the four main kinds of bones.
5.1.4 ______Identify the major anatomical areas of a long bone.
5.1.5 ______Name and describe the six various types of fractures.
5.2 Axial Skeleton
5.2.1______On a skull or diagram, identify and name the bones of the skull.
5.2.2 ______Name the parts of a typical vertebra and explain in general how the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
vertebrae differ from one another.
5.2.3 ______Discuss the importance of the intervertebral discs and spinal curvatures.
5.2.4 ______Explain how the abnormal spinal curvatures (scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis) differ from one
another.
5.3 Appendicular Skeleton
5.3.1 ______Identify on a skeleton or diagram the bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdles and their attached
limbs.
5.3.2______Describe important differences between a male and female pelvis.
5.4 Joints/Developmental Aspects
5.4.1 ______Name the three major categories of joints and compare the amount of movement allowed by each.
5.4.2 ______Name the six types of synovial joints, give examples and compare the type of movement by each.
5.4.3 ______ Explain the causes, characteristics and affects of inflammatory joint disorders including: arthritis,
Rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.
5.4.4 ______Identify some of the causes of bone and joint problems throughout life.
Chapter 6 The Muscular System
6.1 Structure of Muscle Tissues
6.1.1 _____ Describe similarities and differences in the structure and function of the three types of
muscle tissue and indicate where they are found in the body.
6.1.2 _____ Define and explain the role of the following: endomysium, perimysium, epimysium,
tendon, and aponeurosis.
6.1.3 _____ Describe the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle and explain the role of actin- and
myosin-containing myofilaments.
6.2 Skeletal Muscle Activity
6.2.1 _____ Describe how an action potential is initiated in a muscle cell.
6.2.2 _____ Describe the events of muscle cell contraction.
6.3 Muscle Movements, Types, and Names
6.3.1 _____ Define origin, insertion, prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator as they relate to
muscles.
6.3.2 _____ Demonstrate or identify the different types of body movements.
6.3.3 _____ List some criteria used in naming muscles.
6.4 Identification and Aging of Skeletal Muscles
6.4.1 _____ Name and locate the major muscles of the human body (on a torso model, muscle chart, or
diagram), and state the action of each.
6.4.2 _____ Describe the changes that occur in aging muscles.
Chapter 14 The Digestive System
14. 1 Anatomy of the Digestive System
14.1.1 14.1.2 14.1.3 14.1.4 14.1.5 -
Name the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs and identify each on an
appropriate diagram or model.
Identify the overall function of the digestive system as digestion and absorption of foodstuffs,
and describe the general activities of each digestive system organ.
Describe the composition and function(s) of saliva.
Name the deciduous and permanent teeth and describe the basic anatomy of a tooth.
Explain how villi aid digestive processes in the small intestine.
14. 2 Functions of the Digestive System
14.2.1 14.2.2 14.2.3 14.2 4 14.2.5 14.2.6 -
Describe the mechanisms of swallowing, vomiting, and defecation.
Describe how foodstuffs in the digestive tract are mixed and moved along the tract.
Describe the function of local hormones in the digestive process.
List the major enzymes or enzyme groups produced by the digestive organs or accessory glands
and name the foodstuffs on which they act.
Name the end products of protein, fat, and carbohydrate digestion.
State the digestive function of bile.