Organic Chemistry
The study of all compounds containing
carbon.
Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.
This unit will focus on hydrocarbon
compounds.
Compounds containing only hydrogen and
carbon
Review
How many valence electrons does carbon
have? How many bonds does carbon need?
How many valence electrons does hydrogen
have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?
Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory.
Shapes of organic molecules will change as a
result of single, double, or triple bonds.
Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal
planar or linear.
Alkanes
Hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds
aka - saturated hydrocarbons
carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and
form chains
Ethane - simplest alkane
with a carbon-carbon
bond - C2H6
Continuous-chain alkanes
Contain any number of atoms in a straight
chain.
Names will end in -ane
Names are given by the International Union
of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
You need to memorize the 1st ten and their
prefix meanings.
You will not be allowed to use your periodic
table.
The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes
Methane
CH4
Ethane
C2H6
Propane
C3H8
Butane
C4H10
Pentane
C5H12
Hexane
C6H14
Heptane
C7H16
Octane
C8H18
Nonane
C9H20
Decane
C10H22
The General Formula is - CnH2n+2
Formulas
molecular
structural
condensed
skeleton
C2H6
H H
H-C-C-H
H H
CH3-CH2-CH2
C-C-C-C
Alkenes
unsaturated hydrocarbons
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon
double bond.
Example - Ethene
General formula CnH2n
Alkenes
Naming alkenes
The ending of the parent chain will end in ene. Place a number out front followed by a
dash to tell the location of the double bond.
Example - Name the following:
C=C-C-C
C-C=C-C C-C-C=C
1-butene
2-butene
1-butene
Count left to right and right to left. Name the
compound with the smallest number possible.
Alkynes
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon
triple bond.
Example - Ethyne
common name acetylene
General formula CnH2n-2
Alkynes
Naming Alkynes
Same as alkenes but ending will be
-yne
Example - Name the following:
C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C
1-pentyne
2-pentyne
2pentyne
Your Turns
Name the following and give the molecular
formula:
1. C-C-C=C-C-C
2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C
3. C-C-C-C-C-C
4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-C
5. C≡C-C
6. C-C-C-C
Answers
1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12
3) hexane C6H14
4) 4-decene C10H20
5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H4
6) butane (C4H10)
Your Turn
Draw the following:
4-Octyne

HHH
HHH

H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H

HHH
H HH