CLADOGRAMS
CLADOGRAM
phylogenetic tree;
a branching diagram showing the evolutionary
relationships among organisms
PHYLOGENY
the evolutionary history of an organism
Modern Organisms
Extinct Organisms
gavenche
Common Ancestors
VERTEBRAE = SPINE
MAMMALS
AMNIOTIC EGG
TETRAPOD, LUNGS
JAWS
VERTEBRAE = SPINE
The closer two organisms are in
a cladogram (the more
branches they share),
the more closely they are
related
The division of branches shows
Divergent Evolution
BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
CONTINENT
COUNTRY
STATE
North America, Africa, Australia
U.S.A., Mexico, Canada
Arizona, Colorado, Washington, Oregon
COUNTY
Maricopa, Pinal, Yavapai, Coconino
CITY
Phoenix, Mesa, Scottsdale, Tempe
Binomial Nomenclature
system of naming species of living things by
giving each a name composed of two parts –
genus and species
ex. Homo sapiens, Carcharodon carcharias
• italicized
• Genus is capitalized
• species is not