Mission B5 - How do you Name and Write chemical formulas for Compounds? “Not Just James Bond” Part 1 - Naming Binary Compounds • Binary compounds – elements with only two types of atoms in it • Naming binary compounds is simple – It is based on the names of the cations and anions and all binary compounds end in -ide • Examples: – – – – NaCl = CaF2 = Al2O3 = BaO = sodium chloride calcium fluoride aluminum oxide barium oxide Part 2 - Naming Transition Metal Compounds • Similar to naming binary compounds • But transition metals have multiple oxidation states (can have different charges) • Steps – determine the oxidation number of the nonmetal – use the rules of oxidation states to solve – determine the oxidation number of the nonmetal – The name must have Roman numerals to show the oxidation state of the metal Example: CuCl2 • Step 1 – determine the charge on the chlorine – Chlorine has a higher EN therefore will be a negative oxidation state which is -1 – But there are two chlorines so the total is -2 • Step 2 – Determine the charge on the copper – The compound’s total charge must equal zero – Copper must be a +2 charge to balance the chlorine • Therefore CuCl2 is called copper II chloride Example: In FeCl3 Step 1 – what is the charge on the chlorine? -1 = it has the higher electronegativity and is negative – What is the total charge of 3 chlorines? -3 = 3 x -1 Step 2 – what is the charge on FeCl3? Zero = charges in compounds add up to 0 – What is the charge on the iron then? +3 = chlorine’s -3 + iron’s +3 = 0 What is the name of the particle FeCl3 then? – iron III chloride = “III” shows the iron’s charge Part 3 - Naming Polyatomic Compounds • Polyatomic ions – Groups of atoms that have a collective charge on them – See CRTable E – Similar to binary naming – If more than two elements in the compound, look up the polyatomic ion on Table E – Example [Na]+ + [SO4] 2- Na2SO4 sodium + sulfate = sodium sulfate Naming Polyatomic Compounds • Examples • Na2CO3 = sodium carbonate • HCN = hydrogen cyanide • KClO3 = potassium chlorate • NH4Cl = ammonium chloride Part 4 - Naming Molecular Compounds • Naming molecular compounds (covalently bonded substances) is similar to naming ionic ones with one exception: – When naming substances with all nonmetals – Prefixes are used to designate the number of atoms of each Prefix # of Formula Atoms example Name mono 1 CO Carbon monoxide di 2 CO2 Carbon dioxide tri 3 SO3 Sulfur trioxide tetra 4 CCl4 Carbon tetrachloride penta 5 PCl5 Phosphorus pentaflouride Examples of Naming Covalent Compounds • Examples: – CO - carbon monoxide – CO2 - carbon dioxide – SO2 - sulfur dioxide – N2O3 - dinitrogen trioxide – SF6 - sulfur hexafluoride – H2O - dihydrogen monoxide Writing Formulas • When writing chemical formulas • Reverse the rules for writing chemical names • Here are examples of each type of chemical formula • Ex 1 - Binary compound - sodium chloride – sodium’s oxidation number is Na+1 – chlorine’s oxidation number is Cl-1 – Charges are equal and cancel each other – Therefore the chemical formula = NaCl Writing Chemical Formulas • Ex 2 - Binary compound - aluminum chloride – – – – one aluminum has is Al+3 one chlorine is ClIt takes one Al+3 to balance the charge of three ClTherefore the formula for aluminum chloride is AlCl3 • Ex 3 - Transition metals – iron II oxide – one iron II has a charge of Fe+2 – one oxygen has a charge of O-2 – The two charges balance out to a 1:1 ratio – Therefore the formula for iron II oxide is FeO Writing Chemical Formulas • Ex 4 - Nonmetal-nonmetal compounds dinitrogen trioxide – Oxidation numbers aren’t required in writing this formula – Dinitrogen is two nitrogens – Trioxide is there oxygens – Therefore the formula for dinitrogen trioxide is N2O3 Writing Chemical Formulas • Ex 5 - Polyatomic ions – magnesium nitrate – Magnesium (Mg+2) is in Group 2 and has a +2 oxidation charge – Nitrate (NO3-) is a polyatomic ion from Table E with an oxidation number of -1 – So two nitrates are needed to balance the one magnesium and give a zero charge – Therefore the formula for magnesium nitrate is Mg(NO3)2 Writing Chemical Formulas • Ex 6 - Polyatomic ions and transition metals – copper I sulfate – Copper (Cu+1) has a +1 charge as per the Roman numeral – Sulfate (SO4-2) is a polyatomic ion from Table E with an oxidation number of -2 – So two coppers are needed to balance the one sulfate and give a zero charge – Therefore the formula for copper I sulfate is Cu2 SO4 Writing Chemical Formulas • A short cut – the Criss-Cross method of writing – Look at the oxidation states of the elements in the compound – cross the numbers, drop the charges, and you will have the formula – Example – lead II chloride • Lead +2 charge • Chlorine -1 charge Pb +2 Cl -1 Pb1Cl2