Opening Experiment: Directions:
Please place your head on desk, close your eyes and relax.
This is NOT Hypnosis

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YouTube - Scary Loud Noise
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Learning - a change in behavior due to experience
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We are not born with a blueprint of how to survive, we learn by experience. We have
adaptability – the capacity to cope with our changing environments.

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Behaviorism –
 Psychology should be an objective science
 Studies behavior without reference to mental processes .
 RELATE EVERYTHING WE LEARN IN THE NEXT
2 CHAPTERS TO BEHAVIORISM aka Behavioral perspective

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Ivan Pavlov – Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)

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John B. Watson –
American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism. (1878 –
1958)
 "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant- chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors"

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B.F. Skinner – An American psychologist who advocated behaviorism and studied the effects of reinforcement. (1904 – 1990)
(Operant Conditioning)

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Learning by association – learning that certain events occur together.
 Classical Conditioning – learning the relationship between stimuli and responses. P. 314 Fig. 8.1
 Operant Conditioning – learning through rewards and punishments. P.315 Fig. 8.2
 Behavior followed by it’s consequences

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Alfred Hitchcock Films
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YouTube - Top 5 Horror Movies theme songs
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Jaws Theme Song
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Bakeries
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Songs
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Sounds of the ocean CD
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Your Dogs and Cats
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Classical Conditioning with a Daisy the Cat
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Classical Conditioning Experiment

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Classical conditioning – learning to associate neutral stimuli with stimuli that produce reflexive, involuntary responses, and will learn to respond similarly to the new stimulus as they did the old one.

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Pavlov observed the salivation of dogs…
 Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS-aka
US) – something that elicits a natural response ( FOOD )
 Unconditioned Response (UCR- aka
UR) – natural, involuntary response
(SALIVATION )
 Neutral Stimulus (NS) – something that does not elicit any particular behavior without conditioning (BELL)

UCS
NS
UCR
No response
CR

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Order of stimuli
 Conditioned Stimulus / Neutral Stimulus (CS) presented first THEN the Unconditioned
Stimulus (UCS)
 Present within a short amount of time from one another… half a second.

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After Conditioning ….
 Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a originally irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a particular behavior
(BELL)
 Conditioned Response (CR) – the learned response that initially occurred to the unconditioned stimulus and now occurs to the conditioned stimulus (SALIVATION)
 Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov – YouTube
Two and Half Men - Pavlov's Bar – YouTube
Interesting fact about Pavlov’s laboratory I read about

► ouTube - Baha Men - Who Let The Dogs Out (Original version) | Full HD | 1080p (:18)

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FOOD (UCS) ------------ SALIVATION (UCR)
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BELL (NS) ------------ Initially produced no salivation
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NS + UCS ----------------- SALIVATION (UCR)
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BELL (CS) ---------------- SALIVATION (CR)

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Practice Classical Conditioning
Onion Breath. P.318 Fig. 8.4 romantic vs. sexual arousal
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Classical conditioning and the blink response

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Classical Conditioning at BGSU – YouTube
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The Office - Pavlov's dog on Vimeo
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Classical Conditioning within Psychology -
"Attack of the Quack" –
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YouTubeClassical Conditioning in High
School
Clockwork Orange classical conditioning scene

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Acquisition- Learning has taken place when the animal/person responds to the conditioned stimulus. This initial learning is called acquisition. (the animal has acquired a new behavior)

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Will the CS always yield the CR… even if repeatedly presented without the UCS?
 Extinction – the diminishing of an CR if the CS is not presented with the UCS
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Will the CS yield a CR after a wait period?
 Spontaneous recovery – the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a rest period.

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Will the animal respond to a somewhat varied stimulus?
 Generalization – after conditioning, the tendency for a stimulus, similar to the CS, to evoke a similar response. P. 321 snails cartoon
 Discrimination – the learned ability to distinguish between CS and another stimulus.
 Water Bottle Experiment.
 Rape as classical conditioning p. 325

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Directions: On a sheet of scrap paper write out the following 9 terms in one column
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UCS, UCR, CS, CR, Acquisition, Extinction,
Spontaneous Recovery, Generalization,
Discrimination.
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After I conduct the short demonstration label the 4 parts of the classical conditioning then explain WHEN in the experiment the last 5 terms took place or might have taken place.

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Little Albert feared loud noises but not white rats.
 Loud noise (UCS) – fear (UCR)
 Presentation of rat (NS) – no fear
 Pair rat (NS) and loud noise (UCS) – fear (UCR)
 After several repetitions, the sight of the rat (CS) produced fear (CR)
The Little Albert Experiment

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Garcia and Koelling’s Experiment – Rats and taste aversions
 Rats were given food, then given radiation, which led to nausea. Then the rats would later avoid that food.
2 interesting findings:
 Aversion developed to only tastes (not sights or sounds)
 Even after hours had passed between presenting the CS and the UCS the aversion still developed.
Humans may experience taste aversions:
 Eat food – become sick – Feel nauseas at the sight or smell of the food.
 Sheep Coyotes and Ranchers poison in sheep carcass.

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“secondary disgust”- Fudge (shape of muffins vs. droppings)
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Favorite Soup: stirred in a thoroughly washed used flyswatter (82%) brand new flyswatter (58%) used comb that has been thoroughly washed (76%) served in thoroughly washed used dog bowl (71%)

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People with OCD and/or Autism are 3 times likely to be conditioned.
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Men who saw a car with a seductive women were more likely to rate the car as faster, better designed and more appealing than men who viewed the same ad without.
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Associating celebrities with products
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Taking people to lunch/dinner to make business deals.