Mastering Biosecurity –
Aquaculture Spatial Planning:
Nikos Anagnopoulos
President and Managing Director
2, Mnisikleous Str., 105 56 Athens, GREECE
Telephone: +30-210.32 29 303 & +30-210.32 29 340, Fax: +30-210.32 29 304
Email: apc@apc.gr, URL: www.apc.gr
MASTERING BIOSECURITY
An integral part of Aquaculture Management
FAO uses the term, Biosecurity, in relation to sanitary, phytosanitary
and zoosanitary measures applied in food and agricultural regulatory
systems.
Biosecurity measures in aquaculture are needed:
 To protect the production systems
 To protect human health and consumer confidence in
farmed products
 To protect the environment and promote sustainable
production
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BIOSECURITY IN AQUACULTURE
Understand farm’s greatest risks and
Develop biosecurity plans
“Existing biosecurity programs at the farm and the
processing plant provide a strong foundation for an
effective food-defence program,”
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PROTECT THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
BIOSECURITY PROGRAM
Identify
threats to the
fish production
and food system
Catertorize
specific threats
Risk assessment
and
management
Policy Implementation
about :
Fish health and welfare
Environmental protection
And
Food safety
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PROTECT THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
 Fish health and welfare:
A multitask-based approach to disease control for the identification
of a disease and its underlying cause and to minimize any potential
impact on the health of the surrounding ecosystem.
 Disease diagnostic methods and treatments:
developments, gaps in knowledge and needs
 Vaccines: Immunoprophylaxis contributes by reducing disease
prevalence
 Use of specific pathogen free stocks: of species in
biosecure hatcheries
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FARM LEVEL BIOSECURITY STRATEGIES
 Develop and implement a Health Management Plan
(HMP).
 codes of practice (COPs),
 better management practices (BMPs),
 technical guidelines,
 standards and protocols designed to promote
sustainable aquaculture.
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FARM LEVEL BIOSECURITY STRATEGIES
These documents contain practical strategies:
 for site selection,
 water quality and source of broodstock,
 spawn, larvae and juveniles,
 quality of fish feeds,
 antibiotics and chemical risks during growth and harvest,
as well as
 good husbandry practices for the cultured species.
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PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT AND PROMOTE
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION
 Living modified organisms/genetically modified
organisms:
 Benefits posed by aquatic GMOs
 Risks posed by aquatic GMOs
AND
 Ecological risk assessment for escaped fish.
 Climate change impacts and changes that may include.
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PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH AND CONSUMER
CONFIDENCE
Aspects of Food Safety and quality assurance
practices in the food industry.
 Emphasis is placed on interrelations of food chemistry,
microbiology, sanitation, processing, and laws and
regulations.
 Evaluation of control parameters and methodology and
Strict biosecurity plans are essential to operations as
well.
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PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH AND CONSUMER
CONFIDENCE
Control parameters and methodology
 Evaluation of control parameters and methodology at critical control
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points,
validating and auditing the effectiveness of critical control points,
critical limits,
monitoring tools,
corrective action procedures,
recordkeeping and verification procedures
employee training and teaching tool
sanitation
in addressing biological, chemical, and physical hazards that may be
present in food products
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ACCESS TO THE MARKETS AND LEGISLATION
COMPLIANCE
 The production and processing/maintenance conditions must be controlled
attempted to reduce the risks to consumer health and improve food quality.
The applications of International Standards of Management Systems
(HACCP, ISO 22000, ISO 14000, ISO 18001, Global Gap etc) are a “must”
for the fish industry installations (hatcheries, ongrowing units,
packing/processing facilities).
Offer the benefit of global
management experience
and good practice
Increase customer satisfaction as
services and products consistently
deliver what they promise
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INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
 HACCP: Standard for Health and Food Safety. It was the first market to come up with ISO.
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HACCP is not exist as standard, but as legislative requirements (Europe). For some
countries like USA exist as an important standard.
ISO 9001: Quality Management Standard. Considered the king of standards. Specifies
requirements for the Management of the company in all sections, based on the principles of
quality.
ISO 22000: Standard specifies requirements for Hygiene and Food Safety throughout the
food chain.
ISO 14001: Environmental Management Standard. Specifies requirements for
environmental management in all companies activities.
EMAS: Environmental Management Regulations. Regulation from the EE. About the same
in many places with the standard ISO 14001. In some requirements is most stringent
GLOBAL GAP: Protocol that deals with both, the management of the field and livestock
(Fish). It deals with a producer or producer group.
IFS: The standard is intended to allow evaluating the safety systems and quality food
suppliers, according to a uniform approach.
BRC: The form and content of the standard is designed to allow an assessment of the
company's facilities, operational systems and procedures by a competent third party.
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APC S.A. can support companies and entities for:
 The planning/installation (by checking of lay out and
supply of needed equipment)
 The certification (through independent Specific
Bodies) and
 The maintenance of all above Quality Management
Systems
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MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING and
INTEGRATED MARITIME POLICY
A process by which the State’s authorities analyse and
organise human activities in marine areas to achieve
ecological, economic and social objectives.
A large number of countries and European Community as Institution put this policy
as a priority (DIRECTIVE 2014/89/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial
planning)
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MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING and
INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT
High and Rapidly increasing demand for maritime space for purposes such
as:
• Petrol, Gas and Renewable energy installations
• Maritime and shipping activities
• Ecosystem conservation – Marine Protected Areas
• Tourism installations
• Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Urban/recreational activities
Objectives of maritime spatial plans and integrated coastal management
strategies, among others, shall foster the sustainable development and
growth of the fisheries and aquaculture sector, including employment in
fisheries / aquaculture and connected sectors.
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THE CASE OF AQUACULTURE
The last 30 years, marine aquaculture has become one of the most
important productive sectors in numerous countries. Aquaculture
having now more than 40% of the aquatic products market share is
projected to rise by 62% by 2030.
Factors that led to the need for Aquaculture Spatial Planning
The lack of Maritime Spatial Planning and National Planning for
different sectoral activities in the majority of the countries.
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The scale of production and the territorial expansion of the activity
(mainly in coastal zone and close to coastline).
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The reactions of local population in certain areas.
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OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF SPATIAL
PLANNING and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
of AQUACULTURE
The A.S.P. regulates aquaculture spatially, both at sea and inland
waters.
• It covers all aquatic organisms (animals and plants) with economic
interest.
• The largest part is referred to marine aquaculture, as it is the sector
with the need for spatial regulation
•
Purpose:
To record, clarify and serve the basic spatial needs of aquaculture units
in a way that their operation does not conflict with the development of
other activities and not degrade the environment irreparably.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE –
AQUACULTURE ATLAS
Main objective would be to give directions, rules and criteria for a sustainable spatial
planning and development of aquaculture at a national level and a long term plan of action.
First stage is the elaboration of an Aquaculture Atlas
Contents of the ATLAS:
Feasibility study (Analysis of the Current Situation, Sectoral approach, Prospects and Trends,
Development policy, Legislation, Current situtation, Site survey and data collection, GIS-based
multi-criteria analysis)
Determination of development areas (Identification of aquaculture development areas, Cultured
species, Methods and Types of aquaculture, Supporting facilities)
Development policy of aquaculture (SWOT analysis, formulation of scenarios, Guidelines for
optimal exploitation and the organization of the sector)
Monitoring and facilitation of development – incentives
Proposal Formulation for the harmonization of planning and improvement of existing
legislation
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AQUACULTURE
– NATIONAL AQUACULTURE MASTERPLAN
Second Stage is the National Aquaculture Masterplan (N.A.M.)
1.1 Medium Term Action Plan (five years): Specifies the requirements for the
implementation of the Atlas of potential aquaculture sites, actions, settings, programs
and measures, costs and funding sources of the proposed interventions, and bodies
for the implementation of the measures and actions proposed.
1.2 Long Term Action Plan (fifteen years): Determines the very important steps
required for the implementation of the Atlas of potential aquaculture sites
2 Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment Study whose contents will be in line
with the internationally adopted standards.
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SPATIAL PLANNING and SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT of AQUACULTURE
The N.A.M. prescribes a zoning system for organizing aquaculture. However, it’s
permitted, in some cases, to install single units.
Aquaculture Development Areas (A.D.A.)
Marine aquaculture activities develops in wider sea areas, with common
characteristics, which on spatial terms constitute broader areas for receptors
(ZONES for ORGANIZED DEVELOPMENT of AQUACULTURE–Z.O.D.A.) and
single units which are permitted only in specific cases.
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The existence of a Management Body is a prerequisite for the creation and
approval of the zone.
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MAP OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK
AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY
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MAP OF THE FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY (A.D.A.)
A.D.A.
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INSTALLATION OF Z.O.D.A. WITHIN A.D.A. IN THE
FRAMEWORK FOR THE SPATIAL PLANNING AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEK AQUACULTURE
INDUSTRY
A.D.A. Α.4.2
Z.O.D.A.
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CRITERIA AND COMPATIBILITIES FOR ESTABLISHING
RECEPTORS & SINGLE FARMS FOR AQUACULTURE
The boundaries of the leased marine area should be spaced in certain
distances from:
• Functioning touristic facility and existing residential developments.
• Incompatible uses (industrial plants, mining facilities, etc.).
• Harboring facilities, handling oil/gas or industrial units presenting
serious risks for marine pollution.
• Diving parks (with the exception of combined use) and beaches
designated for swimming.
• Airports that are on the coastline.
• Wind farms.
•
Professional fishing activity, with the exception of an agreement
between the 2 parties.
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CRITERIA FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE FARMS
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Minimum depth of the sea.
Distances between units.
Maximum percentage for coverage of the leased area.
Velocity of currents.
Prohibitions for marine aquaculture units
In areas used as military areas, navigation channels or cables structures
or pipes for energy transfer etc.
•
In areas where the sea bed is covered by protected species (Posidonia
oceanica, Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina and Zostera moltii) or
species under restrictions defined by international and national legislation.
•
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SUPPLEMENTARY GUIDANCE of A.S.P. OVER
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
•
Creation of a monitoring system over the degree of implementation
and efficiency of A.S.P.
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Creation of efficient control mechanisms for the monitoring of
environmental degradation from aquaculture units (Environmental
Impact Assessment).
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INVOLVMENT OF A.P.C. IN SPATIAL PLANNING and
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT of AQUACULTURE
Preparation of the Supporting Study, for the Spatial Planning and
Sustainable Development of Greek Aquaculture (F.G.M., Ministry for
Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works).
Studies for the determination of Zones of Organized Development of
Aquaculture (Z.O.D.A.) in several Prefectures of Greece (Peloponnese,
Thesprotia, South Evoikos, Echinades Islands, South and North
Aegean).
Study for the Management Body of the Evia A.D.A.
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INVOLVEMENT OF A.P.C. IN THE
IMPLEMETATION OF M.S.F.D. IN GREECE
In parallel:
Technical Advisor of the Special Secretariat for Water (Ministry of
Environment, Energy and Climate Change) for the implementation of
Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC).
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CONCLUSION
•Aquaculture Spatial Planning is of great economic significance and should be
part of Maritime Spatial Planning.
•Creation of a common spatial planning throughout the U.A.E., encourages
federal approach, as all the emirates are under the same regulations and
comprehend each others practices.
•Promotion of cross – sector cooperation (such us tourism, oil/gas and
renewable energy sources, fisheries etc) – reduction of conflicts
•The M.S.P. will pinpoint the best qualified areas in terms of environmental
adequacy, access etc in relation to other activities
•Common and simpler licensing of production units will encourage investment.
•Integrated environmental monitoring system for all of the U.A.Emirates.
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AQUACULTURE ATLAS IN U.A.E. – IMAGE OF
THE NEAR FUTURE?
A.D.A. 2
A.D.A. 1
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THANK YOU
2, Mnisikleous Str.,
105 56 Athens, GREECE
Telephone: +30-210.32 29 303 & +30-210.32 29 340
Fax: +30-210.32 29 304
Email: apc@apc.gr
URL: www.apc.gr