This Learning Seminar is
available through a professional
courtesy provided by:
Anti-Graffiti Coatings and
Graffiti Removal Technology
Rainguard International Products
3334 East Coast Highway, Box #143
Corona Del Mar, CA 92625
Tel: 949-515-8800
Fax: 949-675-3450
Toll-Free: 1-888-765-7070
Email: info@rainguard.com
Web: www.rainguard.com
©2005 Weatherman Products, Inc. The material contained in this course w as researched, assembled,
and produced by Weatherman Products, Inc. and remains their property. Questions or concerns
about the content of this course should be directed to the prog ram instructor.
©2014
Slide 1 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
©2014
Slide 2 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Introduction
•
The term graffiti is derived from the
Italian words "graffito", meaning an
"incised inscription", and "graffiare",
meaning "to scratch".
•
Modern day graffiti has its origins
in New York City's ga n g and Hip Hop
subculture of the 1970s and 1980s.
•
A lthough some consider it a form of
artistic expression, graffiti is typically
defined as unauthorized writing or
drawing on a public surface.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 3 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Types of Graffiti
There are three general types of graffiti:
•
Tag: Most basic type of graffiti.
Typically involves stylized scrawl
done in a single color of paint,
typically the writers name
•
Throw-Up: Quickly done bubble
letters or very simple pieces using
only 2 colors.
•
Piece: Graffiti "masterpiece" using at
least 3 colors of paint.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 4 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Graffiti Terminology
•
Tagger: The term used to refer to individuals who do basic tags and throw-ups,
as opposed to more complicated pieces. Taggers who never piece are sometimes
called "scribblers" by more experienced "writers".
•
Crew: Group of taggers with their own distinct name or tag that work
together in the same area.
•
Bomb: Refers to the act of covering an area with graffiti (e.g. bombing) or to a
large tag or throw-up. Similar to "hitting", which means covering a surface with
paint or ink. When a surface is covered with tags, it is "hit u p " or "killed".
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 5 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Some Graffiti Facts
•
It is a common misperception that
most g raffiti is gang-related when in
fact, gangs account for less than 1 0 %
- 1 5 % of all graffiti. About 5 0 % of
graffiti vandalism is committed by
suburban males in their early teens to
early twenties, however graffiti
vandals come from every social,
ethnic, and economic background.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 6 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Some Graffiti Facts
•
There are four general categories of graffiti: tagging, satanic/hate, gang, and
generic (e.g. non-threatening messages like "Bobby loves Suzy" or "Class of
2000"). Tagging graffiti is the most common form, estimated at 80% of all tagging
activity, it is more ornate, whereas ga n g graffiti uses symbols.
•
Estimates are high as $15 - $18 billion per year to clean up graffiti across the United
States. Immediate removal of graffiti, within 24 to 48 hours, is the key to
successful graffiti prevention. It has been found that community murals are rarely
defaced by graffiti and instill a sense of pride among those who live nearby.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 7 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Art or Vandalism?
•
Some people believe that graffiti
has artistic value and that taggers
should be considered artists rather
than criminals or vandals.
•
O thers insist that graffiti is illegal,
and that taggers engage in acts of
vandalism, defacing public property.
•
W hether you consider it to be art or
vandalism, the fact remains that
billions of dollars are spent annually
on graffiti abatement and removal.
Previous
©2014
Graffiti is graffiti when it is not
permitted by the building owner!
Next
Slide 8 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Effects of Graffiti on Property Values
Graffiti destroys property values in three
overlapping and escalating waves:
•
Phase 1: The first phase involves the
cost of graffiti removal, which is easy
to quantify. It has been shown that
commercial properties fall in value by
$10,000 for every $1,000 spent
annually in graffiti remediation.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 9 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Effects of Graffiti on Property Values
•
Phase 2: The second phase involves the surrounding area. Studies have shown
that graffiti also lowers property values throughout the graffiti-infected area by
1.6% for every 1 0 % increase in property damage reported to the police.
•
Phase 3: The third phase affects the entire neighborhood. When normal society
relinquishes control of graffiti-bombed neighborhoods, property misdemeanors
spawn major crime. When an area reaches its "violent crime" threshold and is
perceived as an unsafe place to live, property values can fall by up to 40%.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 10 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
Graffiti Abatement Initiatives
•
City of Los Angeles: The city of Los Angeles requires all new construction to
possess a graffiti-resistant coating. This requirement has deterred taggers.
Each property owner is also responsible for maintaining their property, free of
graffiti damage.
•
New York and New Jersey Port Authority: In an effort to maintain the value of
buildings, both residential and commercial, surrounding densely populated
areas, the New York and New Jersey Port Authorities have mandated strict
adherence to graffiti coating application and removal of tags within 48 hours.
•
Home Depot: Recognizing the need not to allow graffiti to decrease the value
of its properties and the need to project a solid image within the community,
Home Depot has specified graffiti-resistant coatings and strict maintenance
guidelines to effectively remove any tag gi ng within 24 hours.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 11 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Understanding Graffiti
How to Respond to Graffiti?
•
Paint Over: The most common form of removing graffiti vandalism and although
short run the least expensive, paint overs can be more expensive if graffiti is
recurring. Unless an entire wall is repainted, paint overs encourage new tags in
the “canvas frame” created with the paint over
•
Remove with Chemicals: There are a wide variety of chemicals available and care should
be exercised in selecting the proper one. Chemical removal is not always successful and
can leave a “shadow” outlining where the graffiti was, leaving permanent damage.
.
•
•
©2014
Replacement: Only economically practical with small objects such as street
signs when damage can’t be painted over, chemically removed, cleaned off.
Anti-Graffiti Coating: Installing a protective barrier coating over the surface
can be an effective approach to preventing permanent surface damage from
tags and least costly in the long run.
Slide 12 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Challenges
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 13 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Challenges
Introduction
•
In general, surfaces that are tagged
by graffiti can be divided into two
categories (painted and unpainted),
which are comprised of porous, nonporous and sensitive materials.
•
O n surfaces that have not been
treated with an anti-graffiti coating,
graffiti removal that does not
damage the appearance of the
substrate is virtually impossible.
•
The absorption of organic solventborne paints into porous surfaces,
such as concrete, presents the most
formidable challenge for removal.
Previous
©2014
In contrast to latex paints, which are
mostly water, spray paints contain
large amounts of organic solvents,
making them particularly invasive.
Next
Slide 14 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Challenges
Porous Substrates
•
Concrete and brick: Are highly-porous and heterogeneous materials. When
aerosol spray paint is applied to the surface, the paint microspheres quickly
migrate into the surface pores, penetrating the surface layer. For integrallycolored substrates, tag gi ng is impossible to remove without damaging the
surface, leaving shadows, etch marks, and/or degradation of mortar joints.
•
Stone: Natural stones, such as granite, marble, and sandstone are also highly
porous materials. Removing graffiti from sandstone is particularly challenging
due to its high profile-relief. Tag ging is impossible to remove without leaving
shadows, etch marks and/or degradation of mortar joints.
•
Stucco, Plaster, and EIFS: Integrally-colored stucco, plaster, and EIFS surfaces are
exposed to a high absorption of tagging materials, making them virtually
impossible to remove. Painted surfaces can be destroyed during the cleaning
process. In most cases, a recoating of the entire surface is the only alternative.
•
Wood: Tag gi ng materials will permanently penetrate unpainted wood. The only
alternative available is to recoat the surface
©2014
Slide 15 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Challenges
Non-Porous Substrates
•
Plastic: Althoug h plastic is one of the easiest surfaces to clean, tag gi ng many
times will result in a shadow. Essentially pigments in the tag ging materials react
with pigments in the plastic, lightening or darkening the original color.
•
Metal: In many cases, tag g in g materials will permanently etch the metal and
leave a " g h osting" effect. This ghosting effect will become less visible over time,
however it will not disappear entirely unless the surface is recoated.
Next
©2014
Slide 16 o f 62
Graffiti Removal Challenges
Sensitive Substrates
•
Plexig las: Although Plexiglas is a non-porous substrate, it can be
difficult to satisfactorily remove graffiti without damaging the
integrity of the plastic. While there are several types of graffitiremoval agents available that are capable of removing the
graffiti, they may render the Plexiglas opaque.
•
Road Signs: Graffiti removal from road signs can produce mixed
results. Organic solvents in spray paint can attack a road sign's
clear coat, causing irreversible damage. Silk-screen processed
road signs are often damaged during graffiti removal, whereas
some types of reflective coatings remain intact.
©2014
Slide 17 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Techniques
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 18 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Techniques
Introduction
There are several different techniques
that can be used to remove graffiti:
•
Mechanical
•
D ry Abrasive
•
Water Blastin g
•
Laser Technology
•
Chemical
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 19 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Choosing a Removal Option
The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for
Manual Graffiti Removal Technology
Technique
Ideal Conditions
Advantages
Mechanical
• Porous substrates
• Well ventilated
areas (outdoors)
• Expeditious
• Eradicates most defacing
materials
• May damag e and discolour non porous and sensitive
substrate surfaces
• Time consuming
Dry Abrasive
• Porous Substrates
(masonry, concrete)
• Well ventilated
areas (outdoors)
• Expeditious
• May g ive rise to airborne particles
• Dama ges sacrificial anti g raffiti coatings
• May scar substrate surface, creating g reater surface
area for pollutants to collect
• May remove protective surface of masonry, resultin g
in increased w ater permeability, accelerated
weathering, and deterioration
Water Blastin g
• Porous substrates
• Cost effective
• Expeditious
• Dama ges sacrificial anti g raffiti coatings
• Time consuming
• May damage sensitive substrates
Laser Technology
• Interiors
• Historical masonry
• Is a g entle alternative for
sensitive substrates
• Expensive and time consuming (still being
developed)
Previous
©2014
Disadvantages
Next
Slide 20 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Techniques
Chemical Graffiti Removal
•
D ue to regulatory changes lowering
allowable VOC emissions, the use of
organic solvents although effective
for graffiti removal has been greatly
reduced.
•
Today, solvent-borne and waterbased formulations with much lower
concentrations have become the
primary means for graffiti removal.
•
The type and viscosity of chemical
remover used will depend on the
type of substrate (e.g. sensitive) and
its porosity (e.g. porous, non-porous).
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 21 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Techniques
Factors to Consider
•
Substrate: The type of substrate will
influence the choice of chemical
remover. For instance, NMP may be
too aggressive for graffiti-removal on
highly sensitive substrates, such as
Plexiglas or road signs.
•
Porosity: Some substrates, such as
concrete or masonry, are more
porous than other substrates, such as
plastic or metal. Non-porous
substrates typically require less harsh
removers, such as water-based or
citrus-based chemical removers.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 22 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Graffiti Removal Techniques
Application Procedures
•
The porosity of the substrate and type of coating (if any), will determine the
type of graffiti-removal agent necessary. It is always a good idea to apply the
chosen removal agent to a test patch in order to ensure that it is effective at
removing the graffiti without causin g damage to the underlying substrate.
•
Graffiti-removal agents are typically applied using a brush, roller, or sprayer and
are allowed a dwell time as determined by the test patch, or in accordance with
the manufacturer's recommendations.
•
Repeat applications, with or without some gentle scrubbing with a stiff bristle
brush, may be required for particularly resistant graffiti. Lifted graffiti is flushed
from the substrate by rinsing with soap/detergents and water (non-porous
substrates) or pressure washing with hot or cold water (porous substrates).
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 23 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Choosing a Chemical Graffiti Remover
The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for
Chemical Graffiti Removers
Type
Ideal Conditions
Water Based
• Is prone to deactivation when exposed to water
• May damage sensitive substrates
• Well ventilated
areas (outdoors)
• Expeditious
• Effectively removes latex
paint pigm ents
• Ineffective at removing permanent marker/felt tip
pen g raffiti
• Porous and sensitive
substrates (historical
masonry)
• Non toxic, biodegradable,
environmentally friendly
• Expeditious, fast acting
Previous
©2014
Disadvantages
• Non flammable
• Non combustible
• Excellent solvency
• Concrete, masonry
NMP
N-methylpyrrolidone substrates
Organic solvent
Citrus Based
D-limon en e, gly col
ethers, surfactants
Advantages
Next
Slide 24 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 25 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Introduction
•
A nti-graffiti coatings are classified
into two broad groups:
•
Permanent coatings provide a tough
and chemically resistant film that is
difficult for graffiti to adhere to.
•
Temporary or sacrificial coatings are
designed to be removed with the
graffiti and then re-applied to refresh
the system
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 26 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Common Myths
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Yellow O ver Time: Some permanent systems may yellow
over time if they do not allow the substrate to transfer moisture. This is primarily
an issue with coatings that provide non-sticking capabilities. More sophisticated
coatings are able to provide a non-yellowing, UV-resistant anti-graffiti coating.
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Are Not Durable: Permanent anti-graffiti coatings are
designed to penetrate the surface of porous substrates, providing a durable and
long-lasting finish that is not damaged by repeated cleanings.
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Are Difficult To Apply: Today's permanent and temporary
anti-graffiti coatings are typically applied in 1 to 3 coats, using a brush, roller, or
sprayer. Some are easy to apply, do not require component mixing, and have a
low VOC content, making them safe and environmentally friendly.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 27 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Common Myths Cont'd …
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Are Expensive: Anti-graffiti coatings are considered to be
one of the most cost-effective methods of graffiti control. Some permanent
water-based copolymer coatings can cost as little as $0.30 / sq. ft.
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Do Not Stop Tagging : Both permanent and temporary antigraffiti coatings allow graffiti to be removed quickly and efficiently. Research has
shown that removing graffiti within 24 hours effectively eliminates any audience
for the tagger's vandalism and provides a disincentive to return.
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Change the Look of the Surface Too Much : Most antigraffiti coatings come with a high gloss sheen level which can negatively impact
the look of a building and have limited their use when a change in visual look of
the surface is undesirable. There are however a few product alternatives available
with a low gloss or matte finish to minimize changes in appearance.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 28 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Common Myths Cont'd …
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Cannot Be Painted: Certain types of permanent waterbased cross-linking copolymer anti-graffiti coatings can be used on previously
painted or unpainted substrates, and may be painted over. Other types of graffiti
coatings need to be completely removed before repainting the building.
•
A nti-Graffiti Coatings Are Not Necessary- Graffiti Can Just Be Painted Over:
Painting over graffiti offers a quick solution for limited substrates but only masks
the problem where anti graffiti coatings behave as a preventative measure.
Research has shown that illegal graffiti can also reoccur if the resulting painted
patch is visible on the substrate surface, as it provides a frame for the vandal’s
work and thus invites further defacement. Paint is also limited in its capabilities
to provide a substantial barrier betw een the substrate surface and defacing
material, as paint pigments can potentially be absorbed by certain types of
vandalism agents (including marker pens and permanent markers) and result in a
‘ghosted’ effect.
©2014
Slide 29 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Applications
Anti-graffiti coatings are suitable for a variety of substrates and applications.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
D ense Masonry
Porous Masonry
Metal Surfaces
Wood Surfaces
Stucco Surfaces
A ggregate Surfaces
EIFS Surfaces
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stone Surfaces
Vertical Surfaces
New Surfaces
Painted Surfaces
Interior Surfaces
Exterior Surfaces
Anti-graffiti coatings can be used whenever maintaining property values
is important (whether or not graffiti vandalism is a concern).
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 30 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Permanent vs. Temporary Coatings
Permanent Coatings
(Non-Sacrificial)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Multiple graffiti removals
Tough and durable
Chemically resistant
C a n b e D ifficult to recoat
Not breathable
Very low perm rates
Previous
©2014
Temporary Coatings
(Sacrificial)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Removed along with graffiti
Requires refreshment
Less chemically resistant
Easily recoated
Breathable
Higher perm rates
Next
Slide 31 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Coating Option
The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for
Permanent (Non Sacrificial) Anti Graffiti Coatings
Technique
Ideal Conditions
Advantages
Polyurethanes
• Steel structures (rail
cars, bridges, doors)
• Non ferrous metal
and concrete
substrates
• Smooth , resin rich
surface h inders mag ic
marker and spray paint
graffiti
• Lack of breathability m ay cause peeling and
premature failure if applied to porous substrates
with a high moisture content
• Most give substrate a glossy surface
• Relatively expensive
RTV Silicone
Rubber
• Porous substrates
(brick, block,
concrete, stucco,
wood)
• Breathable
• UV and chemically
resistant
• Expensive
• Is not compatible with existin g coatings, bare steel,
and damp substrates
Water Based
Epoxy Silicones
• Damp climates
• Chemically resistant
• Provides low adhesion for
defacing materials
• Gives substrate glossy, wet finish
• Low permeability – breathability issues
• Can be expensive
Water Based
Silicones
• Well ventilated
areas (outdoors)
• Lon g term effectiveness
(graffiti is easily removed
after coating cures)
• UV Resistant
• Inorganic
• Can be expensive
Cross Linking
Copolymers
• Damp climates
• Previously painted
(and unpainted)
substrates
•
•
•
•
Resists yellowing/aging
Environmentally friendly
Mold, mildew resistant
Cost effective, easy to apply
Previous
©2014
Disadvantages
Next
Slide 32 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Coating Option
The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for
Permanent (Non Sacrificial) Anti Graffiti Coatings
Ideal Conditions
Technique
Advantages
Silicone
Emulsions
• Porous bare surfaces
•
•
Inexpensive
Provides water
repellency
• Provides minimal and uncertain protection against graffiti
Fluorosilanes
•
•
Excellent graffiti
protection
Easy removal
•
•
•
Bare concrete
surfaces
•
Previous
©2014
Disadvantages
Expensive
Combustible, generate flammable vapors
Must be applied with brush, roller with no-atomizing
spray
Next
Slide 33 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Choosing an Anti-Graffiti Option
The follow ing is an example of a decision matrix with ratings, comments, and criteria for
Temporary (Sacrificial) Anti Graffiti Coatings
Technique
Ideal Conditions
Advantages
Water Based Wax
Coatings
• Fairly versatile
• Cost effective
• Requires regu lar reapplication
• Unobtrusive (provides clear
film resistant to yellowing)
• Graffiti easily removed with
hot water
Water Based
Polymers
• Exterior porous
substrates (concrete,
brick, stucco)
• Provides substantial
and durable barrier
a gainst graffiti
• Protects longer than most
sacrificial graffiti coatings
• Requires reapplication
Water Based
Polysaccharides
• Dry climates
• Non toxic,
biodegradable,
environmentally friendly
• Expeditious
• Contain starches which m ay render substrate
sensitive to mildew growth and insect infestation,
particularly in humid environments
• Requires reapplication
Previous
©2014
Disadvantages
Next
Slide 34 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Cleaning Procedures
•
Graffiti can be removed from sacrificial coatings using low-pressure hot water
(180°F - 190°F) not exceeding 800 to 900 PSI. Surfaces should be cleaned from
top to bottom allowing the temperature of the water to heat the wall and the
pressure to carry away the graffiti defacement.
•
A ll areas that have been stripped of their sacrificial coating should be noted and
allowed to damp dry prior to reapplying a fresh sacrificial coating, slightly overlapping the previously coated surfaces not removed by hot water blasting.
•
For permanent coatings, graffiti should be removed using a manufacturerapproved cleaning solution. It is typically recommended that graffiti be removed
within 2 to 3 weeks of tagging. Other methods of graffiti-removal, such as
abrasive blasting may damage the anti-graffiti coating.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 35 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Coverage Rates
•
•
•
Coverage rates will depend upon the
whether the coating is permanent or
sacrificial and the type and porosity
of the substrate.
Sacrificial coatings require 1 to 2
coats, while permanent coatings
typically require 2 to 3 coats.
The use of fluted or scored block,
or raked joints will increase surface
areas by 2 0 % to 3 0 % or more and
decrease coverage rates.
Previous
©2014
Type of
Substrate
Sacrificial
(ft2/gallon)
Permanent
(ft2/gallon)
Porous
140-150 (1)
200-300
Substrates
200-300 (2)
per coat
Dense
150-175 (1)
250-400
Substrates
250-300 (2)
per coat
Painted
150-175 (1)
275-325
Substrates
250-300 (2)
per coat
Next
Slide 36 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Environmentally-Approved Products
•
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established maximum
volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions for anti-graffiti coatings at 600
grams per liter. Individual states can adopt EPA guidelines or establish their
own, tougher VOC emission standards. Other VOC standards include the
Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) for New England, Mid -Atlantic and Mid
Western states, California Air Resources Board (CARB) in California and South
Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) in the Los Angeles area.
•
In some cases, manufacturers of architectural coatings may exceed EPA
guidelines by paying an "overage fee". However, the overage fee only relates
to product activity in the state of manufacture & does allow for stocking,
sale, or application of non- compliant coatings in other states. In some cases,
the EPA, w orking with local and regional air emission boards, has fined not
only the distributors and contractors that applied the coating, but also the
architects who specified it.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 37 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Standards
•
The graffiti-resistance of anti-graffiti coatings can be evaluated based on a series
of laboratory tests conducted in accordance with ASTM D6578-00, "Standard
Practice for Determination of Graffiti Resistance". Graffiti resistance is based on
how a defined set of markings is removed by a defined set of cleaning agents.
•
The test involves applying the anti-graffiti coating to aluminum panels, allowing
it to dry as per manufacturer's recommendations, and then applying one of four
common graffiti marking materials (solvent-based ink marker, solvent-based
spray paint, water-based ink marker, or blue/black wax crayon) to the surface.
•
The coating is considered "repellent" if the marking material does not "wet out"
the test surface. If the material is not repellent, a series of cleaning agents are
used to try to remove it, in order of increasing aggressiveness: dry cloth; mild
detergent; citrus cleaner; isopropanol; and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK).
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 38 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Standards
•
The Cleanability Level of a particular anti-graffiti coating is determined by the
agent that first removes the graffiti. For instance, a Cleanability Level 1 means
that graffiti material can be removed with a dry cloth; Cleanability Level 2
means that graffiti material can be removed with a mild detergent, etc.
•
Because the graffiti-resistance of a coating can change over time, the ASTM
practice covers the evaluation of anti-graffiti coatings that are freshly applied,
artificially weathered in a laboratory, and naturally weathered outdoors.
•
W hen evaluating the performance of anti-graffiti coatings, more weight should
be given to graffiti-resistance after natural weathering. Also, it is important to
note that the tests are performed on a smooth surface and that the Cleanability
Level of a coating will be affected by the roughness of the substrate.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 39 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 40 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Part 1: General
•
A pplication of anti-graffiti coatings should be performed by an experienced and
manufacturer-approved applicator in strict accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. At no time should the number of coats or coverage rate be
less than that recommended by the manufacturer.
•
A nti-graffiti coatings should be delivered to the job site in the manufacturer's
original containers, with seals unbroken. Containers should be properly labeled.
•
A ll materials should be kept protected from the elements and stored in their
original, unopened containers in order to prevent contamination by foreign
materials. In climates where freezing temperatures have existed prior to
application, allow adequate time for surfaces to thaw.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 41 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Part 2: Products
•
A first coat application of a water repellant coating is recommended for all new
unpainted masonry and concrete surfaces in order to enhance the long-term
performance of permanent and sacrificial anti-graffiti coatings. Specify a product
compatible w ith the selected anti-graffiti coating.
•
O nly specify anti-graffiti coatings that are VOC-compliant for where the
project is located, do not increase substrate flammability, and will not
support the growth of mildew, mold, fungus, or bacteria. Require the
contractor to supply a sufficient amount of manufacturer-approved cleaning
agent to the client upon job completion.
•
It is important to specify coatings that are versatile (i.e. can be applied over paint
and can be painted over), non-yellowing, and low-sheen (minimizes changes to
surface appearance). Ensure that the coating will not leave a shadow after
cleaning and that Cleanability Levels meet project requirements.
©2014
Slide 42 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Part 3: Execution
•
Remove all surface contamination using high-pressure water, chemical cleaning,
abrasive blasting, or mechanical methods, such as wire brushing, scraping or
sanding, to remove any coatings, grime, dirt, oils, efflorescence, alkali, acid
residue, or chalk, that m ay impair the adhesion of the anti-graffiti coating.
•
A ll surfaces to be coated shall be structurally sound, clean and dry. Repair all
cracks, voids, defects, and damaged surfaces using the proper materials prior to
applying the anti-graffiti coating.
•
A lways apply material to a mock wall, test panel, test wall, or actual surface area
to determine acceptable color, surface porosity, application rates and application
methods prior to starting general application. All test or sample surfaces should
be approved prior to general application.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 43 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Specifying Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Part 3: Execution Cont'd …
•
New masonry, stucco and concrete surfaces should be allowed to cure for 30
days to neutralize alkalinity and release residual moisture. Freshly painted
surfaces should be allowed to fully cure according to the paint manufacturer ’s
recommendations prior to the application of the anti-graffiti coating.
•
Follow manufacturers instructions to achieve a uniform, pinhole-free, continuous
film. Allow coating to dry and become clear before applying subsequent coats. Do
not apply to surfaces below 45°F or above 90°F. Do not apply in direct sun, or
windy weather, or if relative humidity is greater than 80%.
•
A nti-graffiti coatings provide a maintenance-free surface. Lightly sprayed water
is typically sufficient to clean the surface of any dust or dirt accumulation. Light
brushing of the surface with a soft bristle brush is acceptable, however chemical
washing should not be conducted without manufacturer's approval.
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 44 o f 62
• A bout the Instructor
• A bout the Sponsor
• Seminar Discussion Forum
Anti-Graffiti Coatings
Additional Resources
If you require additional information
on graffiti prevention and the use of
anti-graffiti coatings, please visit:
ASTM International
www.astm.org
Society for Protective Coatings
www.sspc.org
Graffiti Resource Council
www.anti-graffiti.org
Graffiti Hurts
www.graffitihurts.org
Previous
©2014
Next
Slide 45 o f 62