Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 6
Muscular System
Muscular System


The body system that covers, shapes, and
supports the skeletal tissue
It contracts and moves various parts of the
body
Cosmetologists Limited to:


Voluntary muscles
Arms, hands, lower legs, feet
Myology

The science of the nature, structure, function,
and diseases of the muscles
Muscle



600 muscles
40% of body’s weight
Fibrous tissue that have the ability to stretch
and contract according to the demands of the
body’s movements
Striated Muscles

Skeletal or voluntary muscles
–

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Legs, arms, face etc.
Striped
What we work over and are concerned about
Attached to the bones and are controlled by
will
–
–
–
Create heat and energy for the body during
muscle contractions
Assist in maintaining posture
Protect some internal organs
Nonstriated Muscles

Involuntary, visceral
–
Diaphragm etc.
Smooth (not striped)
 Function automatically, without
conscious will, without thought or
control

–
Found in internal organs of digestive and
respiratory systems
Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary muscle that is the heart

Not found anywhere else in the body
Origin



Part of the muscle that does not move
Fixed attachment to a bone or ligament
Direction of movement is from the origin of
the muscle to the insertion of the muscle
Insertion

Part of the muscle at the more movable
attachment to the bone or ligament
Belly or Body

Middle part of the muscle
Muscle tissue can be stimulated
by:







Massage
Electrical current
Light rays
Dry heat
Moist heat
Nerve impulses
Chemicals
Muscles of the scalp

Epicranius – broad muscle that covers
the top of the skull
–
Occipitalis – back of the head
 draws
–
the scalp backward
Frontalis – front of head
 muscle
that raises the eyebrows
 Draws the scalp forward
 Causes wrinkles across the forehead

Superior – above

Inferior – below

Anterior – front

Posterior - back
Muscles of the ear

Auricularis superior –
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear
upward
 Auricularis Anterior –
– Muscle in front of the ear that draws the
ear forward
 Auricularis Posterior –
– Muscle behind the ear that draws the ear
backward
–
Muscle of Mastication (chewing)

Masseter –
–

Long broad muscle on the sides of the
chin - in front of the ear, to aid in chewing
Temporalis –
–
Muscle on sides of head above the ear
and behind the eyes to aid the masseter in
chewing
Muscles of the Neck

Platysma –
–
–

Broad muscle extending from the chest
and shoulder muscles to the side of the
chin
Responsible for lowering the lower jaw
and lip
Sternocleidomastoideus –
–
Muscle of the neck that lowers and rotates
the head
Muscles of the Eyebrow

Corrugator –
–
–
–

located beneath the frontalis and
orbicularis oculi
Draws the eyebrow down
Wrinkles the forehead vertically
Orbicularis oculi –
–
–
Ring of muscle of the eye socket
Enables you to close your eyes
Muscles of the Nose

Procerus
–
–
–

Covers the bridge of the nose
Lowers the eyebrows
Causes wrinkles across the bridge of the
nose
Other –
–
Nasal muscles contract and expand the
opening of the nostrils
Muscles of the Mouth

Mentalis
–
–

Elevates the lower lip
Raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin
Orbicularis Oris
–
–
Flat band around the mouth
Compresses, contracts, puckers and
wrinkles the lips - kissing

Risorius
–

Triangularis
–
–

Muscle that draws the corner of the mouth
out and back as in grinning
Muscle extending alongside the chin
Pulls down the corner of the mouth
Zygomaticus
–
–
Muscles extending from the zygomatic
bone to the angle of the mouth
Elevate the lip as in laughing
Muscles that attach the arms to
the body

Latissimus Dorsi
–
–
Broad, flat superficial muscle covering the
back of the neck and upper and middle
region of the back
Controlling the shoulder blade and the
swinging movements of the arm

Pectoralis major/pectoralis minor
–

Muscles of the chest that assist the
swinging movements of the arm
Serratus Anterior
–
Muscle of the chest that assists in
breathing and in raising the arm

Trapezius
–
–
Muscle that covers the back of the neck
and upper and middle region of the back
Rotates and controls swinging movements
of the arm
Muscles of the Shoulder and Arm

Biceps
–
–
–
–
–
Two (2) headed muscle
Muscle producing the contour of the front
and inner side of the upper arm
Lift the forearm
Flex elbow
Turn the palms outward

Deltoids
–
–
Large triangular muscle covering the
shoulder joint
Allows the arm to extend outward and to
the side of the body

Triceps
–
–
–
Three (3) headed muscle
Large muscle that covers the entire back
of the upper arm
Extends the forearm
Forearm muscles

Extensors
–

Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand,
and fingers to form a straight line
Flexors
–
–
Extensor muscles of the wrist
Involved in bending the wrist

Pronators
–

Muscle that turn the hand inward so that
the palm faces downward
Supinators
–
Muscle of the forearm that rotates the
radius outward and the palm upward
Muscles of the Hand

Abductors
–

Adductors
–

Muscle that separate the fingers
Muscles at the base of each finger that
draw fingers together
Opponent muscles
–
Muscles in the palm that act to bring the
thumb toward the fingers
Muscles of the Lower Leg and
Foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus
–

Bends the foot up and extends the toes
Tibialis Anterior
–
–
Covers the front of the shin
Bends the foot upward and inward

Peroneus Longus
–
–
–

Covers the outer side of the calf
Inverts the foot
Turns it outward
Peroneus Brevis
–
–
Originates in the lower surface of the fibula
Bends the foot down and out

Gastrocnemius
–
–

Attached to the lower rear surface of the
heel
Pulls the foot down
Soleus
–
–
Originates in the upper portion of the fibula
Bends the foot down
Muscles of the Foot
Extensors Digitorum Brevis
 Abductor Hallucis
 Flexor Brevis
 Abductor

–
Muscles move the toes and help maintain
balance while walking and standing