Taxonomy!!
How do humans bring order to the
diversity of life existing today??
 Taxonomy!
 Branch of biology used to classify organisms according
to their characteristic similarities
 Consider phylogeny (evolutionary history) relationships
of organisms' structures (Morphology, reproduction,
nutrition)
 A man made science
Aristotle
 Ancient Greek Philosopher.
Devised system of
classification based on
organism behavior and
structure.
Carolus Linnaeus
 Swedish Naturalist (1707-1778)
Linnaeus System
 Organisms grouped according to morphology into
hierarchal categories. (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
 Classification of Organisms is from general to specific
 Final two categories (genus species) created a
scientific method of naming organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature
 Two word system of naming organisms
 Genus & species
 Use Latin to assign a single identifying name to every
discovered organism
 Genus is Capitalized and species is not
 Written in italics or underlined
Why have a universal language of scientific
names?
Have you ever eaten dolphin?
Common Name: Dolphin
Scientific name:
Tursiops truncatus
Common Name: Mahi-Mahi, Dolphin
Scientific name:
Coryphaena hippurus
Biological Hierarchy of Classification
Archeabacteria
 Primitive single celled prokaryotic organisms, have
cell walls with no peptidoglycan, adapted to extreme
conditions, may be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Eubacteria
 Single-celled prokaryotic organisms that have cell walls with
pedidoglycan, autotrophic or heterotrophic
Bacteria
 Bacteria is the oldest organism ever!
 The belong to the kingdom MONERA
 All bacteria have NO NUCLEUS, which means that their DNA
could be floating all around the cytoplasm.


Bacterial DNA is arranged in a CIRCULAR shape
(plasmid)
Bacteria are just like people, they come in all
different shapes and sizes. The three shapes are :
1.
2.
3.
ROD
SPIRAL
ROUND
Protista
 Diverse group of eukaryotes, mostly unicellular, can
be animal like heterotrophy, protozoans
(zooplankton) or plant-like autotrophs algae
(phytoplankton)
If you look at a drop of pond water under a microscope, all the
"little creatures" you see swimming around are protists.
• Protists are very diverse in
how they acquire food
and energy.
• Protozoa : heterotrophs
which feed on other
plants and animals.
• Algae: autotrophic
protists, (make their own
food)
Phylum-Foraminifera
Phylum- Rhizopoda
Phylum- Rhodophyta
Phylum-Chlorophyta
Phylum-Bacillariophyta
Phylum-Phaeophyta
Fungi
 Non-motile, mostly multicellular, eukaryotic
heterotrophs, have cell walls containing chitin.
Plantae
 Multicellular eukaryotic chloroplast containing
autotrophs, have cell walls containing cellulose.
Animalia
 Multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophy lacking cell
walls, primarily sexual reproducers, most show some
level of anatomical organization with specialized cells.