LGBTA Community
in the US Defense Industry –
A Role Model
Distinguished Panel
John Hickey
Northrop Grumman
Sandra Evers-Manly
Northrop Grumman
Sandra Fields
Northrop Grumman
Lt. Col. John Gillespie
USAFR, OutServe SLDN
Lance Freedman
Lockheed Martin
Mike Sofield
Lockheed Martin
Our Mission
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Explore Personal Development
Explore Organizational Development
Learn & Grow
Share Our Personal Truth
The Defense Industry1
• Over 1 million U.S. workers employed
• 2.4 million Additional jobs from “Indirect and induced”
employment that cascades from the industry
• $84.2 billion payroll
• ~$370 billion in products and services purchased from
U.S. Department of Defense in 2010
• Over 2.2% of GDP from direct sales in the industry
• Operating margins of around 7.15%2
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1 Source:
The Aerospace and Defense Industry in the U.S., March 2012, available at http://armedservices.house.gov
Source: Margins by Sector posted by Aswath Damodoran of NYU Stern School of Business, available at
http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/margin.html
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Influences on the Industry Culture
• Impacted by political climate / executive administrations
– Financial impacts
– Social Trends
• Highly regulated
– Federal Acquisition Regulations
– Ethical Disclosure Rules and Employment Restrictions
– Arms Trafficking Regulations
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Specific to Defense: a military/veteran culture
Highly technical, often cutting-edge
Cooperation with customers and competitors
Competition for highly-educated workers
Historical Highlights- Civil Service Employment
• 1950s: LGBT persons officially prohibited from federal
employment
– Over 1,000 gay federal employees fired and 2,000 applicants denied
jobs
– Executive Order 10450 explicitly called out “sexual perversion”
• Series of court cases beginning with Norton v. Macy in 1969
began to change this position
• 1970s: Sexual orientation removed as grounds for dismissal
as a government employee
• 1998: Executive Order 13087 (prohibits discrimination on the
basis of sexual orientation in the competitive service of federal
employment)
• 2013: Overturning of Section 3 of the Defense Of Marriage Act
(DOMA)
– Federal Agencies began changing policies on benefits
• 2015: Marriage Equality further promotes equality
Historical Highlights- Security Clearances
• Most agencies refused clearances to LGBT persons until the
mid 1980s
• Clearances were granted sparingly for many years
• Justifications relied officially on susceptibility to blackmail
– Defense Personnel Security Research and Education Center (PERSEREC)
found only 7 of 117 espionage (or attempted espionage) cases involved
LGBT persons and none of the 7 involved blackmail
• As late as 1990, in a case called High Tech Gays, the Court of
Appeals in CA. ruled it was legal to deny clearances to gays
and lesbians
• 1995: Executive Order 12968 (forbids including sexual
orientation as a basis for granting access to classified
information)
Famous Figures
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Alan Turing
Dr. Frank Kameny
Sgt. Leonard Matlovich
Dr. Sally Ride
BG Tammy Smith
Major Gen. Trish Rose
Grethe Cammermeyer
Eric Fanning
Time Magazine September 8, 1975
Sergeant Leonard Matlovich
Famous Figures
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Alan Turing
Dr. Frank Kameny
Sgt. Leonard Matlovich
Dr. Sally Ride
BG Tammy Smith
Major Gen. Trish Rose
Grethe Cammermeyer
Eric Fanning
Brigadier General
Tammy Smith
Diversity in the Industry
• Influenced by:
– Federal Equal Opportunity laws
– Incentives for contractors to the federal government
– Same pool of potential employees
• Challenged by:
– Retirement “brain drain” and salary
• At end of 2013, 10% of federal workers were eligible to retire
• High Tech companies pay $20,000 to $35,000 more for mid career
software engineers than defense industry³
– Need for highly educated, highly skilled workers
3 Source:
Fortune Magazine http://www.newsmax.com/Finance/Economy/aerospace-defenseretirement-younger/2013/11/14/id/536565/
Diversity in the Industry
• Defense Companies value diversity
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The two companies represented on this panel are:
Out & Equal Sponsors
Proud of their O&E Outie Trailblazer Award winners
Proud to have Scored 100% in the 2014 HRC
Corporate Equality Index
• 3 additional defense companies also score 100%
• Other companies are also working towards that goal
Distinguished Panel
John Hickey
Northrop Grumman
Sandra Evers-Manly
Northrop Grumman
Sandra Fields
Northrop Grumman
Lt. Col. John Gillespie
USAFR, OutServe SLDN
Lance Freedman
Lockheed Martin
Mike Sofield
Lockheed Martin
Remember Your Mission
• Personal Growth
• Organizational Growth
…Continue the Conversation