Ch. 17: Progressive Movement 1890-1920
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Progressivism
Roots of Progressivism
Religious Groups
Carrie Nation
Radicals
Muckrakers
 The Jungle
 History of Standard Oil
Chicago
Scientific Management
Commission form of Gov’t.
Council-Manager form of Gov’t.
Robert “Battling Bob” LaFollette
Direct Primary
Muller v. Oregon, 1908
Minor v. Harppersett (1875)
Suffrage
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
Square Deal
1902 Coal Strike
Curb Trusts
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1903 Elkins Act
1906 Hepburn Act
Pure Food & Drug Act, 1906
Conservation
National Reclamation Act, 1902
US Forest Service, 1905
William H. Taft (1909-1913)
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
Bull Moose Party
 New Nationalism
Woodrow Wilson
New Freedom
Underwood Tariff
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Federal Reserve System, 1913
Federal Trade Commission, 1914
Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914
Civil Rights
Niagara Movement
Ch. 17: NC Competency Goals
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US 7.01: Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.
US 7.02: Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and
political gains in the Progressive Period.
US 7.03: Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions
and segments of the United States' society.
Student Objectives:
Students will be able to:
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Identify & explain the key terms on pages 518, 522, 531, 537, & 543.
Successfully complete the chapter review on pages 544-545;
Identify the main social problems of the time & explain how they were
solved;
Explain the role of muckrakers in Progressive society;
Identify & explain the presidency of all 3 Progressive Presidents;
Analyze the Women’s Rights movement;
Identify & explain all 4 Progressive Amendments; and
Assess the problems faced by minority community & analyze the extent of
how those problems were addressed.
PROGRESSIVISM
• Reform movement that called for gov’t. to fix the problems of
Grangers
Society
• 2 Main Goals: Protect individual rights & regulate big business
• Mainly working class people
Populists
Social Reforms
Problems
Tenement Houses
Child Labor
Meat Packing
Drinking
Solutions
Tenement House
Law 1901: Stricter
building codes
Child Labor Committee
1904: To end child labor
Children’s Bureau,
1912: Investigate &
end child labor
Pure Food & Drug
Act, 1906: Label food &
change processing
techniques
Prohibition &
Temperance:
Effort to ban alcohol
Led by Carrie Nation
Gov’t. Reforms
Problems
Spoils System
&
Patronage
Political Machines
&
City Bosses
Solutions
Merit System &
Pendleton Act: Must
take test to prove
you can do the job
City-Manager Form &
Commission Form of
Gov’t.: Professionals
in charge of running
the city gov’t.
17th Amendment:
Citizens elect their
Senators, not city boss
Direct Primary: Voters
select nominees for
upcoming elections
PROGRESSIVISM REFORMERS
The people or groups that made it happen
Muckrakers
• Investigative journalists that
exposed problems in society
• Uncovered ugly aspects of
American life
Upton
Sinclair
Exposed problems in
Meat packing industry
Wrote: The Jungle
Ida
Tarbell
Exposed problems in
Standard Oil Industry
Wrote: History of
Standard OIl
Jacob
Riis
Exposed problems with
Tenement housing
Wrote: How the Other
½ Lives
Ida
Wells
Exposed lynching
Wrote: Lynching &
Other Southern Horrors
Social
Reformers
Social
Gospel Mvmt.
YMCA
Salvation
Army
Gov’t.
Reformers
Robert “Battling
Bob” La Follette:
Reformer at
State level
US Presidents:
Teddy Roosevelt
William Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Reformers at the
Federal level
Temperance
Mvmt.
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
THEODORE ROOSEVELT: 1901-1908
Republican
Nicknames: TR, Teddy, Trustbuster
Platform
Square Deal:
Protect little people
from Big Business
•1902 Coal Strike: TR used arbitration
to stop strike; threatened to use
military
• Pres. Can end strikes to protect
American people
Feelings about
Trusts
Tariffs
Conservation
• Keep good ones &
get rid of bad ones
• Enforced Sherman
Anti-Trust Act
Laws Passed
Elkins Act, 1903:
Illegal to change rates
or give rebates without
notice
Hepburn Act, 1906:
Set maximum rate
railroads can charge
High
•TR considered this to be a very
important issue
• Nat’l. Reclamation Act, 1902:
Created irrigation projects in the West
• US Forest Srvc., 1905: Manages
Nation’s water & timber resources
Pure Food & Drug
Act, 1906
Conservation Laws
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
William Taft: 1909-1913
Republican
Platform
None
Amendments
Feelings about
Trusts
Attacked ALL trusts
16th: Income Tax
Tariffs
Said he would lower
tariffs, but never did
17th: Direct Election
of Senators
Conservation
Laws Passed
• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1910:
Sold land TR set aside
• Angered TR & conservationists
None
TR Returns to
Politics
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TR didn’t like what Taft was doing &
decided to run for Pres. in 1912
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Bull Moose Party
 Progressive 3rd Party of TR
 Tariff reductions, women’s
suffrage, labor reforms,
conservation etc.
 New Nationalism: Fed. Gov’t.
would put national need before
sectional or personal advantage
 Reforming public welfare
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Shot during campaign speech, kept
speaking despite wound (1.5 hrs.)
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In the 1912 election, the Rep. party
split their vote between Taft & TR
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TR got more votes than Taft, but
Dems. won & take control of Congress
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
Woodrow Wilson: 1913 – 1920
Democrat
NEW FREEDOM
Attacked the triple wall
of privilege
Tariffs, Trusts & High Finance
Platform
Feelings about
Trusts
Committed to regulating
Big Business
Finances
Federal Trade Commission,
1914: Investigated
Unfair business practices
Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914:
Unions & strikes are legal
Laws
Passed
Federal Reserve Bank
System, 1913:
• Controls $ supply
• 12 districts in USA
• Prevented bank
failures
18th: Prohibition
Tariffs
Underwood Tariff:
Lowered tariffs
Amendments
19th: Women’s suffrage
Women had very few rights in the early 20th Century (1900s)
Court Cases
Suffrage
Women’s movement to gain
The right to vote
Muller v. Oregon, 1908
Limited hours women
Laundry workers could Minor v. Happersett, 1875
Said women were citizens,
work
but they were not
guaranteed the right to
vote
Leaders of the Women’s
Suffrage Movement
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Josephine Ruffin
Used picketing, parades, &
civil disobedience
19th Amendment
gave women the
right to vote
PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS & CIVIL RIGHTS
Progressive Presidents did
very little to aid civil rights
for certain groups
African
Americans
• Jim Crow Laws made
Stronger
• No Anti-Lynching Laws
Native
Americans
• Forced to assimilate & live
on reservations
• Feared culture would not
survive
Immigrants
• Faced lots of discrimination
Niagara Movement:
Meeting of African
Americans to discuss black
concerns & issues
• 1930s: Finally allowed
To practice traditions
• Equality still a long way
off
Booker T. Washington
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Believed higher education for
African Americans was limited
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Urged African Americans to
compete economically, not
socially
 Economic importance will
end racism
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Created all African American
college – the Tuskegee Normal
& Industrial Institute
 1881, Alabama
WEDB Du Bois
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1st African American to earn
Harvard PhD
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Believed African Americans
should seek liberal arts to
have well educated leaders
 Be more than just
farmers, etc.
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Wanted to challenges
whites socially &
economically
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Used peaceful activism
George Washington Carver
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Instructor at Tuskegee
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Helped to end dependence
on cotton in the South
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Showed importance of
peanuts & sweet potatoes
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100s of new uses for
peanuts:
 Inks
 Dyes
 Plastics
 Medicines
Ida Wells
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Between 1885 & 1900:
2,500 African Americans
lynched in the South
 It was a family affair –
it was a form of
Southern entertainment
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Wrote Lynching & Other
Southern Horrors to draw
attention to the problems in
the South
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Called for anti-lynching
legislation
Talented 10th
Small elite group of African
Americans who led the
community to end racism
NAACP
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National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
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Organization created to protect the rights of
African Americans
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Du Bois helped create in 1909