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How to
reference
with APA6
style
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Why
reference?
• Avoid accusations of plagiarism – reference all ideas
you use
• Traceability - ensure someone else can find your
sources
• Good referencing is a basic academic requisite
• Demonstrate that you have read widely
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What is plagiarism exactly?
“Plagiarism can be defined as using another
person’s work or ideas without appropriate
acknowledgement and submitting it for
assessment, as though it was one’s own work,
for instance through copying or paraphrasing”.
(Swansea University’s Code of Practice for
dealing with cases of unfair practice 2012/13)
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Examples of plagiarism
• Use of quotations from the published or unpublished
work of another person which have not been clearly
identified as such by use of in-text citation and a
reference
• Summarising another person’s ideas judgements,
figures, software or diagrams without a reference
• Use of services (paid or unpaid) of ghost writing
agencies
• Use of unacknowledged material downloaded from
the internet
• Submission of another student’s work as your own.
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Beware!
• Universities use special software to detect
plagiarism
• Penalties vary according to level of student
and amount plagiarised.
• Penalties range from reduction in marks or
resubmission of an assignment to expulsion.
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APA 6th – what is it?
• An example of an author-date
(Havard) referencing style.
• Used by many subject areas in
SU : including School of
Management
• APA=American Psychological
Association, 6th ed.
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Three steps to successful
referencing
• Keep track of the sources you’ve used
(the appropriate details + page numbers).
• Follow the APA guidelines on Blackboard
and on the APA Style website.
• Pay attention to detail (punctuation &
formatting).
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What does APA referencing
involve?
• Citations in the
body of your
work (author
and date)
• Reference list
at the end:
alphabetical
order by author
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The reference list
A book reference (two authors)
Malhotra, N. K. & Birks, D. F. (2007). Marketing
research: An applied approach (3rd ed.).
Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.
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The reference list
A chapter in a book
Jermier, J. M. & Forbes, L.C. (2003). Greening
organizations: Critical issues. In M. Alvesson &
H. Willmott (Eds.), Studying management
critically (pp. 157-176). London: Sage
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The reference list
An article in a journal:
Palmer, A. & Koenig-Lewis, N. (2011). The effects of
pre-enrolment emotions and peer group interaction
on students’ satisfaction. Journal of Marketing
Management, 27, 1208-1213.
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The reference list
A document on the web:
Bank of England. (2013). Inflation report, August
2013. Retrieved from
http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/D
ocuments/inflationreport/2013/ir13aug.pdf
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Datasets & Statistics 1 :
a published dataset (e.g. a PDF)
Corporate author. (year). Title of dataset. Retrieved Month
day, year, from name of database or supplier URL.
Office for National Statistics. (2011). UK trade, May 2011.
Retrieved November 25, 2011, from ONS
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/uktrade/uk-trade/may2011/uk-trade.pdf
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Datasets & Statistics 2:
a company report on FAME
Financial Analysis Made Easy. (2012). John Wiley
& Sons Ltd : Company financial
data. Retrieved from http://fame2.bvdep.com
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Mintel Oxygen report
Price, A. (2013). Coffee – UK – August 2013.
Retrieved from http://academic.mintel.com
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Mintel Global Markets Navigator
data
Mintel. (2012). Coffee in China. Retrieved
November 13, 2013, from Mintel Global
Markets Navigator
http://gmn.mintel.com/navigate/
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In-text citations
Basic rule is (Name, Year of publication)
e.g. (Davies, 2013)
But ask yourself:
How many author names should be included in
each citation?
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In-text citation – one author
Basic rule:
(Shakespeare, 1599)
Variations:
Shakespeare explored the life
of Henry V (1599).....
In 1599 a play was performed
(Shakespeare)....
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In-text citation – two authors
Basic rule:
(Lennon & McCartney, 1967)
Variation:
Lennon and McCartney
(1967) wrote A Day in the
Life...
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In-text citation (3-5 authors)
In-text citation
Full reference
First mention
(Parkin, Powell, &
Matthews, 2012)
Parkin, M., Powell, M., &
Matthews, K. (2012).
Economics, 8th.ed.
Subsequent mentions
(Parkin et al., 2012)
Harlow: Addison
Wesley.
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In-text citation (more than six authors)
If there are six authors or more only the first author is cited
followed by et al.
Example:
(Yamada et al., 2003)
NOTE: et al is Latin for “and others”.