Republic act 1425









Was enacted on June 12, 1956 through the initiative of Sen. Jose P. Laurel
Executed by the National Commission on Education thirty days after its publication from the
“Official Gazette”
Mandates all private and public schools to include in their curricula the life and works of Dr. Jose
Rizal
To promote nationalism as exemplified through the life of the Filipino hero: our independence
and Filipino values should be included to the minds of the Filipino youth.
Factors in determining the greatness of a person (according to Xenophon)
a. Just
b. Patient
c. Courageous
d. Bearer of wisdom
e. Respectful
f. Nationalist
Rizal – “one of the greatest Filipino”
Criteria in choosing the Philippine national hero:
1. Filipino citizen
2. Patriot/nationalist
3. Has already been dead
4. Patient
Personalities nominated to be our national hero:
1. Marcelo H. del Pilar
2. Emilio Jacinto
3. Graciano Lopez-Jaena
4. Antonio Luna
Proclamation of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero paved the way to some issues such as:
1. He was the illegitimate son of Adolf Hitler
2. He should not be proclaimed as the national hero because of his cowardice to fight the
colonizers through revolution.
3. He was regarded as an “American-made hero”.
 First Philippine Commission was formed by the United States President headed by
the American Governor-General William Howard c. Taft.
 Declaration of Dr. Jose Rizal as our national hero was only their strategy to hinder
our nationalistic feelings.
International Events

April 12, 1861
Issue on slavery was raised in American public arena; “Emancipation Proclamation” (Abraham
Lincoln)






Benito Juarez was elected as the Mexican President.
 Emperor or Napoleon III decided to invade the state of Juarez failed to get military
support from the United States.
 Juarez still defended his state by organizing Indian and Mexican f fighters.
Emergences of Western imperialism(England)
Commodore Matthew C. Perry had forcibly re-opened Japan to the International community.
Holy father issued his decision with regard to the issue of sovereignity in Carolines and Palau
(Spain vs. Germany)
Italy and Germany had successfully united against France.
Spain concentrated her despotic rule in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
Local Events






Philippine History
Emergence of political unrest in Spanish Politics.
 It started during the reign of King Ferdinand VII
 Spanish political instability resulted to frequent shifts of colonial policies and unfixed
terms of government officials in the Philippines.
Representation in Spanish Cortez
 Spanish Cortez- refers to the Spanish parliament
o The` Philippines was given the opportunity to have a representation in the
Spanish government/parliament (threatened by Napoleonic invasion).
o Isabelo delos Reyes – first Filipino representative
Deprivation of human rights to Filipinos
 Along with their adoption of the Spanish Constitution of 1812, the colonial Spain
deprived the rights of Filipino natives.
Corrupt Spanish official
 Spain’s government officials were classified into two groups:
1. Incompetent and corrupt official
2. Siglo de Oro ("Oro” means gold)
Inequality
Can be reflected through their colonial laws, codes and religion
Racial discrimination
 Example of inequality before the law
 Because of the “inferior” physical features of the Filipinos, racial prejudice was wide
spread in:
1. Military
2. Universities
3. Social circles

Landlordism and Feudalism
Extra Ordinary Talents



Rizal was considered as one of the greatest man in the world
God bless him with so much talent and skills which he use to help his countrymen
Jose Rizal was:
1. Saticist – a writer of literary competitions which reflects humorous but ironical works
2. Polemicist – a person who is engaged in religious controversy
3. Bibliophile – a person who is fond of collecting books
4. Philologist – closely associated to being linguist
5. Novelist – El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere
6. Catographer – a person who drafts/ draw maps, direction and etc.
7. Surveyor – a person whose occupation is surveying
8. Enthologist – a person who is fond of analyzing cultures
Family Pedigree

Profile:

 Date of birth: June 19, 1861 (Wednesday)
 Place of birth: Calamba, Laguna (Rizal’s Residence)
 Baptized on June 22, 1861 by Father Rufino Collartes, Father Pedro Casanas (godfather)
 Named after St. Joseph
Parents:



Father: Francisco Mercado Rizal
o Degree in Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose, Manila
Mother: Teodora Alonzo
o Colegio de Santa Rosa
Siblings


Saturnina (1851 - 1913)
o “neneng”
o Oldest, most beautiful and business minded
o Married to Manuel Hidalgo
Paciano (1852 - 1930)
o Second in the family, tall and white
o Severina Decena (mistress)
o Died bachelor in 1930 in the age of 79

Narcisa (1852 - 1939)
o “Sisa”
o Married to Antonio Lopez (teacher)
 Olimpia (1855 - 1887)
o “Ympia”
o Married to Sylvestre Ubaldo (telegraph operator)
o Died in 1887 before the execution of Jose Rizal
 Lucia (1857 – 1919)
o Married to Marciano Herbosa (died in cholera)
o Widow
 Maria (1859 - 1945)
o “Biang”
o Married to Daniel Cruz
o Separated from her husband
o Had suffer together with Choleng
 Jose (1861 - 1896)
o “Pepe”
o Married to Josephine Bracken
o Son named Francisco
 Conception
o “Concha”
o Favorite sister of Rizal
o Died at the age of three
 Josefa (1865 – 1945)
o “Panggoy”
o The one who kept the alcohol lamp of Rizal
o Suffered from epileptic
 Trinindad (1868 - 1951)
o “Trining”
o Spend thrift
o Old maid (83)
 Soledad (1870 - 1929)
o Youngest
o Married to Panteleon Quintero
o “Choleng”
o Get married without the consent of parents
Rizal Forefathers and their home

Rizal blood is a combination of the following:
o Negrito
o Indonesian
o Malay






o Chinese
o Japanese
o Spanish
He had good Asian features
Ancestry of Don Francisco Mercado Rizal from Domingo Lamco
Ancestry of Dona Teodora Alonzo from Lakandula of Tondo
Surname:
 Originally surname of Rizal clan was Mercado
 Given to them by a Spanish Alcalde Mayor
House of Rizal clan was popular in Calamba Laguna
 A two storey buiiding with a rectangular shape which depicts the simplicity of lifestyle
then
Middle class type of family (principalia
Hometown: Calamba






Dominican Order – owned the majority of estates in Calamba, Laguna
Mt. Makiling is located on the southern boundary of the town, wherein there are several hot
springs and breath - taking sceneries
Calamba’s name was based on a legend “kalan – banga ”
Rizal was captivated of its natural beauty and richness
He composed “Un recuerdo A Mi Pueblo” (In Memory of My Town)
Un Recuerdo a Mi pueblo
 He was fifteen years old when he comoposed this poem
 First and second stanzas of the poem – describes the simple but interesting features in
Calamba
 It artistically narrates the childhood experiences of the writer
Unforgettable Memories of Childhood



Three years old
o He enjoyed playing at their garden
o His parents took an extra care for him
o Nipa hut
o Coupled hire a nurse maid (aya) to look after their undersized but energetic son
o Appreciated various kinds of birds such as maya, maria capra, martin, pipit and others
Nocturnal walk in town
 Usually accompanied by his aya, who occasionally gave him some ideas about
supernatural entities such as tikbalang, aswang and etc
Story of the Moth
 Was told by Dona Teodora during his Spanish tutorial lesson


 She was teaching him to read – El Amigo de los Niño’s
 Rizal did not forget this story, the story of the tragic destiny of moth
Childhood Talents
 He exercised his artistic skills when he was five years old
 Started making sketches (pencil as his medium) and sculpture through the use of clay
and wax
 A “concious hero”
 Artistic talent was also recognized when he was requested by the arcade mayor to make
a new banner (painted in oil) for the town fiesta
 His work was appreciated by the mayor and his town and his town folks
Healthy and Energetic lifestyle
 Young Rizal was fond of strolling in the fields riding his pony
 He composed a tagalong comedy drama which was presented and bought by the
Gobernadorcillo in Paete, Laguna
Religious Activities



Angelus
 This should be prayed by each family at six o’clock in the evening (nightfall)
 He was able to read the Spanish bible at the age of five.
Rosary
 Young Rizal prayed the rosary almost every night at their azotea
Antipolo Pilgrimage
 He was eight years old when he went to Antipolo and visitwed the church wherein the
Blessed Virgin Mary is situated
 Promise of Dona Teodora to the blessed Virgin upon the birth of his son
Rizal Influences

Inherited Influences
 Malayan ancestors
o Independence
o Bravery
 Chinese ancestors
o Somber personality
o Prudence
 Spanish ancestors
o Sophistication of bearing
o Valor for ladies


Environmental Influences
 Richness and attractive appearance of Calamba
 Teachings and values learned from Paciano
 Tiyo Jose Alberto – artistic influence
 Tiyo Manuel – developed his frail body through physical workout, including horse back
riding and wrestling
 Tiyo Gabriel – his hobby of reading books
 Father Leoncio lopez – research and rational sincerity
Aid of Divine Providence
 Flexible contributions of an intelligent kid
 Lover of independence
 Valiant heart
Frizal life in Binan Laguna




First teacher – Dona Teodora Alonzo
 A lady of good personality and fine customs
First formal instructor – Maestro Celestino
Second formal instructor – Maestro Lucas Padua
First instructor in Spanish – Leon Monroy
 Former classmate of Don Francisco Mercado Rizal
Binan Invasion







June (1869) he left his family in Calamba to study in the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino
Cruz
 First time to be separated from his family especially from his mother
Class of Maestor Justiniano Aquino Cruz
 School was only a small nipa hut with a distance of thirty meters from his aunts house
His teacher asked him if he know to speak in Spanish
 He had a little knowledge about the language
First school fight
 Jose confronted the son of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz (Pedro)
 Because of Jose’s training with Tiyo Manuel, he won over his bully schoolmate
Painting lesson in Binan
 Jose and Jose Guevarra became apprentices of an old painter named Juancho
Academic success
 Rizal topped all his classmates in academic studies, especially in the subjects Latin,
Spanish and other subjects
(1870)
 He finally finished his studies in Binan

Received a letter from Saturnina informing him that a steamer (Talim) will be arriving to
load passengers from Binan to Laguna
GOMBURZA




January, 1872
Paciano decided to end his studies at Colegio de San Jose and returned to Calamba
Father Jose Burgos was Paciano’s friend, teacher and housemate
Rizal dedicated his novel, El filibusterismo to the three martyrs
Dona Teodora Imprisonment





Jose Rizal’s mother was arrested along with his brother Jose Alberto
 Started when Jose Alberto just arrived from a business trip in Europe
During his absence in the Philippines, his wife abandoned their children, his wife was
committing adultery
 He decided to end their marriage and filed for a divorce
Dona Teodora tried to persuade his brother to forgive his wife and try to continue their lives as a
couple
 Concerned in the reputation of her brother’s family
Jose Alberto’s wife, with the cornivance of the Spanish Lieutenant, filed a case against the two
 Spanish Lieutenant took revenge because Don Francisco Mercado
Before June of 1872, Dona Teodora Alonzo was arrested through the aid of Antonio Vicencio del
Rosario
 She experienced to walk from Calamba to Sta. Cruz Laguna
 Detained for two years and a half in a provincial prison
Formative Years in Ateneo







He was almost eleven years old when he was sent to Ateneo Municipal
 The school was originally called as Escuela Pia in 1817
The initial plan was to enroll the boy in college of san Juan de Letran
 He already took entrance examination on mathematics, reading and Christian values
Father Magin Fernando, refuse to admit Jose Rizal because:
 The prescribed period of registration was over and because of his physical features
He was finally admitted in Ateneo because of Father Burgos nephew, Manuel Xerez Burgos.
Jesuit style of education
 Do not only existed e academic skills of their students but they also mold their moral
values and spiritual foundations
Offer not just corporeal science but also spiritual and divine science
Offer courses regard to agriculture


The pupils were mandated to attend mass every morning before and after the class
Class were divided into 2 groups:
 Roman Empire (boarders/infernos)
 Carthaginian Empire (non-boarders/externos)
First Year in Ateneo




Heard a mass and pray ed for leadership and triumph
Father Jose Bech - first professor
He became the Emperor of the class (Carthegininan Emperor)
He took tutorial classes lessons in Sta. Isabel (for only three pesos)
Second Year


Received “excellent” grades in all of his subjects
Rizal was a bibliophile – he collected and read books of Alexander Dumas, Cesar Cantu and Dr.
Feodor Jagor
Third Year


Dona Teodora was released in Sta. Cruz provincial jail
He still managed to get “excellent” remarks on his subjects
Fourth Year

He received five medals and academically surpassed his classmates
Extra – Curricular activities in Ateneo


Classroom emperor, a campus leader outside
Active member, later secretary of the Marian Congregation
Other significant experiences in Ateneo


Importance of education in our motherland
 Composed a poem which tackles the important role of religion (God) in education
 “The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education”
 Education (with religion) has an important role in the growth and well – being of the
country
Theatrical role in Ateneo
 Father Sanchez requested him to write a theatrical piece (drama) which depicts the
prose of St. Eustace the martyr

Spent his summer vacation (1876) writing and conceptualizing the poetic verses.
First Romance Affair

He was just sixteen years old when he experienced his first romance affair with the girl named
Segunda Katigbak
 Petite Filipina woman with affectionate but sometimes dull eyes, rosy cheeks and has a
beautiful smile with her beautiful teeth
 Lipa, Batangas
 Friend of Olimpia, studying and boarding at La Concordia College in Sta. Ana Manila

Segunda and Jose were mutually




Filipino nationalists and intellectuals
Jose pursued to enroll in the university controlled by Dominican friars
He was not yet sure of his desired course, he took the course on Philosophy of Letters
However, he was still thinking of a course that would lead him into a established and concrete
profession
He consulted Father Pablo Ramon (rector of Ateneo de Manila)

Vocational course in Ateneo


His allegiance and loyalty to the Jesuit order did not fade
 He took a surveying course in Ateneo (1877-78)
 He was seventeen years old then when he passed the final examination in his
vocational course
Being enrolled in UST did not prevent him to visit his former school in Intramuros (Ateneo)



President, Academy of Spanish Literature
Secretary, Academy of Natural Science
Secretary, Marian Congregation
Rizal’s Love Affair



Miss L
 He described this women as having a fair complexion, seductive and gorgeous eyes
 Unfortunately, this short love affair did not flourished because of the following reasons:
o He was still in love with Segunda Katigbak
o His father expressed to the family of this lady
o He did not reveal the true identity of Miss L
Leonor Valenzuela “Orang”
 (Second Year) he decided to rent/board a house in Intramuros
 Leonor Valenzuela, the daughter of Capitana Sanday and Capitan Juan Valenzuela was
the subject of his love
Leonor Rivera
 A relative (cousin) of Rizal from Camiling Tarlac




 He to met Leonor River a when he transferred to “Casa Tomasina”
 Leonor Rivera was studying at La Concordia College
 Leonor had pretty face with a fragile body
He was walking in the street when he failed to gratify a Spanish guardia civil because of the
darkness of the place
 Did not salute nor say “Good evening”
The lieutenant impatiently attacked Rizal, slashing the latter with the use of a sword
He reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera
 The Spanish governor-general did not take actions on the reported incident
He wrote a letter to Blumentritt stating his unfair experience with General Primo de Rivera and
the Lieutenant of guardia civil
To the Filipino Youth




He was only eighteen years old when he composed this famous poem “To the Filipino Youth”
This poem A La Juventud Filipina was Rizal’s entry to the literary contest organized by AristicoLiterario
An in-born writer and motivated by his flaming passion in writing, he won the first prize of the
literary contest
He was very happy when he learned that he won the contest; he was supported by his friends,
Jesuits priest and former teachers in Ateneo
Council of the Gods


A year after, his victorious poem entitled “A La Juventud Filipina”, he joined another literary
contest, submitting a figurative play entitled El Consejo de los Dioses (Council of the Gods)
 This contest was also organized by Liccceo ARTISTICO-Literario de Manila
After a long and critical evaluation of the literary entries, they gave the major prize to Rizal’s
piece because of its literary dominance over the years.
Pilgrimage to Pakil and Pagsanjan Laguna




Spent his summer vacation in Pakil and Pagsanjan Laguna together with his sisters Saturnina,
Maria and Trinidad
Turumba dance – mentioned this dance in the fourth chapter of his famous novel Noli Me
Tangere
Fascinated not only to the natural beauty of Pakil but also the sophisticated and pretty girls of
the town like Vicenta Ybardolaza (a harp player)
They also went to Pagsanjan Laguna because:
o He wanted to see the hometown of Leonor Valenzuela
o He wanted to experience the wonder of Pagsanjan falls
Rizal’s champion of the Filipino Students



He was also engaged in frequent fights against racist Spanish students
 “Kastila, bangus”
 “indio, Chongo”
Rizal used his exemplary skills in fencing and wrestling to beat the Spanish students
He established a secret organization of Filipino students in UST (Companerismo)
 Organization’s members were called as “Companions of Jehu”
 Rizal manifested his potential in organizing progressive groups such as the
“Companerismo”
Sad Moment in UST


For Rizal, nothing is compared to Ateneo
The Dominican school was not for him because of the following reasons:
o Dominican professor were unfriendly to him
o Racism
o Dominican’s method of instruction was repressive and obsolete