BIOL 204 - Topic 7
Objective 1
Organs of the Urinary System
(2) Kidneys which manufacture urine
(2) Ureters which transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
(1) Urinary bladder that stores urine prior to micturition (elimination)
(1) Urethra that carries urine to the surface of the body
Objective 2
Kidney Anatomy
The retroperitoneal kidneys are covered with three layers of connective tissue:
1.
2.
3.
Renal Fascia (Outer)
Adipose Capsule
Renal Capsule (Inner)
Renal (fibrous) Capsule:
inner layer; thin,
transparent, dense
irregular connective
tissue covering which
provides a strong barrier
preventing the spread of
infections to the kidney;
has a minor role in
protecting the kidney from
physical trauma
Internally, the kidney is divided into a:
Cortex:
outer, granular appearing tissue
Medulla:
inner region made of renal pyramids
Renal Pelvis:
adjacent to the renal hilus
The Renal Capsule of a Human Kidney
Renal Columns:
extensions of cortical tissue that lie between
pyramids
Renal papillae:
tips of pyramids
Major Calyx:
portion of the urine collection system that drains
several minor calyces
Minor Calyx:
portion of the urine collection system that drains
one pyramid
Renal Hilus:
Area where the renal artery,
renal vein, ureter and nerves
attach to the kidney
Blood Supply
The Renal Artery and Its Branches
Circulation to
Nephrons
Objective 2
Nephron;
Nephrons
the functional unit of the kidney; it is a microscopic
tubular structure that filters the blood and manufactures
urine there are over 1 million nephrons per kidney
Renal Corpuscle & JGA
Glomerular Filtration
A Simplified View of A Nephron
Renal Corpuscle
- Microscopic View
Glomeruli and Collecting Ducts
Collecting Duct and Brush Border
Classes of Nephrons
Cortical:
almost entirely located in the cortex; represent about
75- 85% of all nephrons; they produce urine
Juxtamedullary
located close to the cortical.medullary junction; the
loops of Henle dip deeply into the pyramids of the
medulla; they represent 15-25% of all nephrons;
these nephrons make urine too but, additionally, they
are important in the conservation of water
Cortex – Injected Vasculature
Arcuate Artery and Vein – Cross Section
Ureters/Urinary Bladder/Urethra
Objective 4
Cat Anatomy
Female
Kidney, Ureter and
Urinary Bladder
1
.
2
.
3
.
4
.
5
.
6
.
7
.
8
.
Renal Capsule
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Renal Pyramid
Renal Pelvis
Renal Column
Renal Calyx
Ureter
1. Kidney
4. Bladder
2. Renal Artery/Vein
5. Testes
3. Ureter
6. Penis
1. Kidney
5.
Ureter
2. Uterine Horns
6.
Ovary
3. Body of the Uterus
7.
Adrenal Glands
4. Urinary Bladder
Kidney Dissection:
Renal Hilus
Ureter
Renal Cortex
Kidney Injected With Latex
-red (arteries), blue (veins), yellow (urine)
Normal Human Kidney, Unfixed