Topic: Classification
Aim: Explain the classification system we use
today.
Do Now: Take out test so we can finish going
over it.
HW: Ditto – Microscope Review
Castle learning – Microscope due on Monday!
Microscope test is on Tuesday!
Describe one way all students in
this class can be separated into
groups, or classified.
Aristotle (384BC-322BC) developed the first
classification system, which divided all known
organisms into two groups: PLANTS and
ANIMALS.
Aristotle then divided each
of these main groups
into 3smaller groups.
Animal Subgroups:
Land, Water, Air
Plant Subgroups: Small,
Medium, Large
Scientists have identified more than 2.5 million
different organisms. And their job isn’t even close to
being finished! Some biologists estimate that there may
be at least 7 million different kinds of organisms living
in tropical rain forests and in the depths of Earth’s
oceans. No wonder why we need to classify!
Classification • Grouping of
different types of
organisms based on
similar
characteristics
Taxonomy • Branch of biology that
deals with classification
of living things
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) like
Aristotle, classified organisms
according to their traits. The
classification systems of both
Aristotle and Linnaeus started with
the same two groups: Plants and
Animals. Linnaeus called these
groups kingdoms. But, unlike
Aristotle, Linnaeus divided kingdom
into 5 levels. Organisms were
placed in these levels based on
traits, including similarities of body
parts , physical form such as size,
shape, and methods of getting food.
What classification • Carolus Linnaeus
system do we use?
(1700’s)
• All organisms
are divided into
7 levels of
classification
•Largest group
Kingdom
•Very diverse
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Smallest groups and
most closely related to
Species
each other
Kings
Play
Chess
On
Fine
Green
Stools
Species • One kind of organism that
can mate with each other
& produce fertile
offspring
Kingdom
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Phylum
Topic: Classification
Aim: Explain the method we use today for naimg
organisms.
Do Now: How similar are two organisms in the
same species?
HW: Read pages 23-26 in your textbook. Write
down the 10 most important concepts you read.
Every statement must be in complete
sentences.
Naming organisms
Before Linnaeus developed his naming system, plants and
animals were named by a series of Latin words that
described the physical appearance of the organism. This
was very confusing. For example, let’s look at the first
name of the honey bee.
Apis pubescens, thorace
subgriseo, abdomine fusco,
pedibus posticis glabris
utrinque margine ciliatus.
This means “fuzzy bee, light gray
middle, brown body, smooth hind
legs that have a small bag edged
with tiny hairs.” Linnaeus named it
Apis mellifera which means “honeybearing bee.”
• Method used to name
Binomial
organisms
Nomenclature
• Devised by Carolus
Linnaeus
• 2 names
– Genus species
Humans = Homo sapiens
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Mammal
Order
Primate
Family
Homoide
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens
Kingdom
Phylum
Animalia
Cordata
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Lupus
(the wolf)
Canis lupus
Dichotomous
Key
• Detailed list of
characteristics used
to identify an
organism
• Arranged in steps
with 2 descriptive
statements at each
step
Topic: Classification
Aim: To practice using a dichotomous key.
Do Now:
1. Explain the difference between passive and
active transport.
2. Explain the difference between aerobic and
anaerobic respiration.
HW: Finish the Dichotomous Key.
C6H12O6 alcohol + CO2 + energy
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O energy
C6H12O6  lactic acid + energy
The life function of transport in an
organism directly involves those
activities used to:
1.absorb and distribute materials
2.obtain and break down materials
3.release energy from food
4.produce cellular waste products
During a 15-minute
exercise period, Phil did
push-ups in four 2minute trials (A-D). The
graph shows how many
push-ups Phil did in
each trial.
The build-up of lactic acid
in Phil's muscle tissue
was greatest during trial
1) A 2) B 3) C 4) D
The molecules are
moving out of the cells,
as indicated by the
arrows. The # of dots
inside and outside of
the 2 cells represents
the relative
concentrations of the
molecules inside and
outside of the cells
ATP is being used to
move the molecules
out of the cell by
1.cell A, only
2.cell B, only
3.both cell A and cell B
4.neither cell A nor cell
B
A student squeezes a clothespin as rapidly as
possible for one minute. Without stopping to rest,
the student continues to squeeze the clothespin for
a second minute. At the end of the second minute,
the student’s fingers and hand feel very cramped
and tired. The physical tiredness and cramping in
the muscles in the student’s hand were most likely
due to the increased production of
1. ATP
2. waste products
3. oxygen
4. glucose
Which statement best describes the general direction
of diffusion across the membrane of this cell?
1.Glucose would diffuse into the cell.
2.Protein would diffuse out of the cell.
3.Carbon dioxide would diffuse out of the cell.
4.Oxygen would diffuse into the cell.
Review:
1. Which of the following places the seven major
classification groups in order from largest to
smallest?
(1.) phylum, class, kingdom, order, family, genus, species
(2.) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(3.) kingdom, phylum, order, family, class, genus, species
(4.) genus, species, class, order, kingdom, family, phylum
2. The scientific name for a lion is
Panthera Leo. The word Panthera tells
us the lion’s
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species
3. Members of a population of gray
squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, are
classified in the same species because
they
(1.) obtain their food in the same manner
(2.) produce enzymes by synthesis
(3.) can mate and produce fertile offspring
(4.) live in the same area
4. In today’s classification system, 2
organisms would be most closely
related if they were classified in the
same
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.)genus
(4.)species
5. Which classification category contains
the greatest number of different types
of organisms?
(1.) kingdom
(2.) phylum
(3.) genus
(4.) species
Let’s summarize…
1. How are organisms classified in the classification
system used today?
2. Explain the difference between a kingdom and a
species.
3. Explain the method used for naming organisms.
4. In a dichotomous key, how many descriptive
statements are found in each step?
5. When starting a dichotomous key, which step do
you start with?
6. What do you do if the first statement is false?
Dolphin  Tursiops truncatus
Raccoon  Procyon lotor
Fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster