 Identifying the Writer’s Purposes
BOOK3
Unit7
I. Purposes of Writing
 To inform—to provide readers with
information about a topic;
 To persuade—to convince readers to believe a
certain viewpoint or to take a certain course of
action;
 To entertain—to amuse readers in some way.
BOOK3
Unit7
II. Clues
Informational Writing:
1. Facts, evidence, no opinions and arguments;
2. Dates, statistics or other figures, and/or
quotes;
3. Technical jargon, simple vocabulary and
sentence structure.
BOOK3
Unit7
II. Clues
Persuasive Writing:
1. Emotional appeals: opinions and arguments;
2. Rhetorical questions;
3. Evaluating language (good/bad, right/wrong,
horrifying/wonderful, etc.);
4. Judgment language (must, should, had
better, etc.).
BOOK3
Unit7
Questions to guide your scanning:
1. What is the Chunnel?
2. What numbers do you see in the text? Are they
dates, statistics or something else?
3.What quotes do you see in the text? Are they from
experts, witnesses, or whom else?
4. Read the first and the last paragraphs. Is the
language technical? Light and simple? Or
judgmental?
BOOK3
Unit7
Keys for Reference:
1.The Chunnel stands for the 31-mile Channel Tunnel
between France and England, a word made for
Ch(annel) and (T)unnel.
2.The numbers are statistics and dates.
3.There are quotes from one man from London, from
a professor of English history, from a newspaper,
and from one pessimistic visitor.
BOOK3
Unit7
4. The 1st paragraph is simple in diction, but the long
sentence is characteristic of journalism. No technical
terms.
The last paragraph is simple in structure, with an
impression of uncertainty on readers. The
overwhelming word is “pessimistic”. No technical
terms.
To sum up, as the text is featured by statistics, date,
quotes, and a journalist style, the writer aims to be
informational.
 Question Answering
BOOK3
Unit7
Question Answering
1. Where is the money for building the Chunnel
from?
2. Will the British feel more European because of
the Chunnel? Why or why not?
3. What did Mitterrand mean by saying that
passengers will have “ plenty of time for
sightseeing”?
4. Why were the several serious efforts to build
the Chunnel abandoned?
BOOK3
Unit7
Question Answering
1. Where is the money for building the Chunnel
from?
Private funds.
2. Will the British feel more European because
of the Chunnel? Why or why not?
No, they won’t because of their respective
lack of affection for each other and their
history.
BOOK3
Unit7
3. What did Mitterrand mean by saying
passengers will have “plenty of time for
sightseeing”?
The trains from Paris travel very slowly the
last 68 miles to London.
4. Why were the several serious efforts to
build the Chunnel abandoned?
The British were too worried about invasion.
 Translation
BOOK3
Unit7
1. No one can ride through the tunnel yet: neither the
people who own stock in the company, nor the
officers of the 220 banks that provided history's
biggest loan, nor the 3,000 journalists trying to
imagine three parallel tunnels beneath 100 feet of
water and 130 feet of clay. (L6)
任何人都还不能乘车通过隧道： 不论是公司的股票持有
人，还是提供了历史上最大贷款的220家银行的官员们，
或者是3,000名记者，都无一例外。记者们只能尽力想象
水下100英尺、 130英尺的泥土下三条并行的隧道的状况。
BOOK3
Unit7
2. "A whole generation still remembers when only 21
miles stood between Hitler and the conquest of
England," says a professor of English history. (L25)
一位英国史教授说, “整整一代人依然记得希特勒曾经只
差21英里就征服英国的那个时刻。”
BOOK3
Unit7
3. The British think a sick animal will drag itself
through the tunnel and introduce the island nation to
new diseases. (L30)
英国人认为带病的动物会穿过海峡隧道将新的疾病带到
这个岛国。
BOOK3
Unit7
4.The company that operates the Chunnel issued press
releases accusing the reports of being inaccurate.
(L57)
负责隧道工程的公司发布记者招待会，指责报道不正确。
 Word Using
 Chinese to English
 English to Chinese
 Word Formation
BOOK3
Unit7
1.
I. Word Using
exclude (L5)
v. keep out
Compare: include
e.g.
They excluded people under 16 from entering
the net cafe.
他们拒绝接纳十八岁以下的人进入网吧。
BOOK3
Unit7
2. behind schedule (L11)
Compare:
ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时
Translation
Key
1) We finished our job ahead of schedule.
1) 我们提前完成了工作。
2) 我们应按时完成老师布置的作业。
2) We should finish our work on schedule.
BOOK3
Unit7
3. bore (L13) v.
1) make a hole (in sth.) using a tool
2) talk or act in a way that makes (sb.)
lose interest and become tired
e.g.
1) This new model of drilling machine can bore
through solid rock ten meters deep.
2) I'm bored with this job.
这台新型钻机能钻透十米厚的坚固岩石。
我对这件工作烦透了。
BOOK3
Unit7
3. bore (L13)
n.
3) a person or thing that bores
Translation
下雨天外出真是讨厌!
Key
It's a bore having to go out in this rainy day
BOOK3
Unit7
4. attack-proof (L14)
adj.
What else?
weather-proof,
sound-proof,
shock-proof,
fire-proof,
radiation-proof,
light-proof,
dust-proof,
water-proof
bullet-proof ,
…
BOOK3
Unit7
5. respective (L18)
adj. belonging separately to each two or more
people or things previously mentioned
Compare: respectful, respectable
1) They stood at a ___________distance
respectful
from
the president.
2) The three man were given work according to
respective
their____________abilities.
3) It is not considered respectable
____________in this
country to spit in public.
BOOK3
Unit7
II. Chinese to English
从陆路
• by land
简称，缩写
• for short
比预定时间晚
• behind schedule
有共同之处
• have sth. in common
追溯，回溯
• go back to
免得，以防
• in case
只是时间问题而已
• a matter of time
BOOK3
Unit7
III. English to Chinese
• vacation destination
度假胜地
• the European mainland
欧洲大陆
• the international airline route
国际航线
• faulty alarm
警报系统不完善
• official opening ceremony
官方开幕式
BOOK3
Unit7
IV. Word Formation
1. exclude (L5)
A. We can’t __________
exclude the possibility that some
warmongers (好战者) will run the risk of starting
a new world war.
exclusive
B. This bathroom is for your ___________use.
C. His __________
exclusion from the club hurt him very much.
2. construction (L6)
constructive suggestions when we
A. They gave us______________
are in trouble.
construction
B. The new airport is still under_____________.
construct a bridge.
C. They spent only 3 months to __________
 Discussion
BOOK3
Unit7
What do you think
of the security of
the Chunnel?