With Mr. Kullman
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Andes Mountains and Amazon River?
◦ South America
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China, India, Tibet?
◦ Asia
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Why study Geography?
◦ Show connections between people and places
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Physical Map would show?
◦ Mountain ranges
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Early civilizations start in river valleys because?
◦ Periodic flooding left rich soul, which was ideal for
farming
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Time line is?
◦ Chronological relationship between events.
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Archaeologist
◦ Study artifacts
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Anthropologist
◦ Study culture
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Hunters and Gatherers
Migration starts in Africa around the world
Earliest humans began in Africa
Nomads
Small populations
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Domestication of animals
Food Surplus
Begin living in permanent settlements
Development of civilizations especially river
valley ones.
Food supplies became more reliable
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Caused by the introduction of agriculture
Before towns and cities can develop
◦ An agricultural surplus is needed
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Is a result of the Neolithic revolution
Has 8 aspects:
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Cities
Organized government
Complex religions
Job specialization
Social classes
Arts and Architecture/Improved technology
Public Works
Writing/Record Keeping
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Mary Leaky and Louis Leaky
Discovered Lucy
Hominid
 Homo habilis (handy Men) First to make tools
 Homo erectus (first to stand tall) Discovered Fire
 Homo sapiens
 Neanderthals (Ritual Burials
 Cro-Magnon (US)
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Sargon-Founded worlds 1st Empire Akkad
Hammurabi-First written laws in Babylon
Nebuchadnezzar- Neo Babylonian Emperor rebuilt
the empire.
Cyrus- Founder of the Persian Empire.
Darius I-Built roads to connect empire and divided
Persian Empire into Satraps headed by the Satrapy.
Kamose-Kicks out the Hykses
Akhenaton- tried to make Egypt Monotheistic under
the god Aton.
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Hatshepsut-1st Female ruler of Egypt
Thuthmos III-Made Egypt into an Empire.
Ramses II-Signed the first peace treaty
Abraham- Founder of Judaism, a
Monotheistic religion main book the Torah.
Moses- Created (given) the 10
Commandments.
David- 1st King of Israel
Solomon- Builds the temple of David, richest
king of Israel.
Civilization order
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Sumer
Akkad
Sumer
Babylon
Hittites
Assyria
Babylon
Persia
Egypt time periods
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Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Same
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Polytheistic
Have a Social Order
Both became empires
Both had the ability to
write
Both had a King
Different
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King was not both a
God and King
Barter economy vs.
token economy
Size of the empire
One liked the Hebrews
one did not
India
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Indus River
Subcontinent
Peninsula
Gangetic plain
Deccan Plateau
Coastal Plains
China
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Hung He (yellow ) River
Himalayas mountains
from India
Tian Shan Desert from
middle east
India
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Indus Civilization
(2600 B.C.E.)
Aryan Civilization
(1500 B.C.E)
◦ Hinduism (750 B.C.E.)
◦ Buddhism (563 B.C.E.)
◦ Jainism (500 B.C.E.)
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Maurya Empire (321
B.C.E.)
Gupta Empire (320
C.E.) Golden Age
China
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Shang
Zhou
◦ Confucius
◦ Taoism
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Qin
◦ Legalism
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Han
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The belief that a Dynasty actions gave them
the right to rule.
They do poor job, they lose their right to rule
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Created during Han Dynasty
Reached from China to the Mediterranean Sea
Sparked interaction between various people
(Cultural Diffusion)
Helped spread Buddhism
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Established by the Aryans.
Enforced by the Hindu Religion.
Helped created a social order in India.
Had to be born in it.
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List the:
Founder
Location
Religion or
Philosophy
Important Text
Key Teachings
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Aryans and Indus
natives
India
Religion
Vedas
Goal is to reach
Moche
Caste System
Karma and dharma
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List the:
Founder
Location
Religion or
Philosophy
Important Text
Key Teachings
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Mahavira
India
Religion
Vedas
All people can
perform rights not
just priests
Believe that Ahimsa
means one should
not harm any living
creature
Meditation and selfdenial of food
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List the:
Founder
Location
Religion or
Philosophy
Important Text
Key Teachings
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Siddhartha Gautama
India
Religion
Tripittaka “Three
baskets of wisdom”
Four noble truths
Eight fold path
Rejected the caste
system
Rejected the millions
of God’s of Hinduism
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Confucius
China
Philosophy
Analects
Social order
5 relationships
Lower respects
higher
Higher is a good
role model
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List the:
Founder
Location
Religion or
Philosophy
Important Text
Key Teachings
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Founded by Laozi
(nickname Old Master)
China
Philosophy/Religion
Writings are Dao De Jung
(Way of Virtue)
Balance between humans
and nature
Universal order between
life and the universe
Support less government
interaction
Government causes a
imbalance in nature.
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Han Feizi
China
Philosophy
Government laws
The law is always
right and must be
followed to the letter.
Man is inherently evil
only law can provide
order.
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Peninsula
Mountainous topography
Mountains- lead to disunity among city states
Mountains lead to creation of independent
city-states
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Civic values
Promoted art and
literature
All adult male citizens
were eligible to vote.
Established a
government that had
democratic elements.
Direct-democracy
Athens
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The government and
society of Sparta are so
strict the people have
little voice in
government.
Military Service
Sparta
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War
Arete- Glorious Deeds
Lineage
Honor
Being Remembered
Youthfulness
Themes
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Achilles
Hector
Pryam
Agamemnon
Particles
Heroes
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Time of an explosion in the arts
Advances in literature, science, medicine,
architecture.
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Leonidas King of Sparta, leader of the 300
Pericles- Politician (stateman) From Athens
Golden Age.
Alexander the Great- Conquered the whole
known world from Greece to Egypt to Persia.
Milltides- Athenian General during the 1st
Persian war at Marathon.
Philip II- Father of Alexander the Great of
Macedonia.
Herodotus- Father of History-Wrote first
history book and history of the Persian Wars.
Thucydides- Writes History of the
Peloponnesian War writes without bias.
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Trojan War- War between the Greeks and
Trojans over trade.
Persian War- 1st War Between Athens and
Persia
2nd Athens and Sparta vs Persia.
Peloponnesian War- Athens (Delian League)
vs
Sparta
(Peloponnesian League)
 Direct Democracy- All citizens vote directly
on issues. (Athens)
 Oligarchy- Power is in the hands of a few
elders (Sparta)
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Conquered the Persian Empire, Egypt,
Palestine, and parts of India
Spread Hellenistic Culture to these regions
Greek becomes a international language
Through his conquering and the library of
Alexandria cultural diffusion occurs.
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Socrates- Founder of philosophy
and questioning everything.
Plato- created the School of Athens.
Aristotle- Found of physics
Euclid-founder of geometry.
Archimedes-Created simple
machines
Hippocrates- Code of Doctors.
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Kingdom of Rome
Republic of Rome
Empire of Rome
Bad Emperors
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Good Emperors
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Nerva 96-98
◦ Mentally Disturbed
(assassinated)
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Trajan 98-117
◦ Good Administrator, but
vicious
◦ Set fire to Rome to
rebuild it
◦ Persecuted Christians
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Hadrian 117-138
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Antoninus Plus 138-161
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Marcus Aurelias 161-180
Caligula 37-41
Nero 54-68
Domitian 81-96
◦ Ruled like a dictator did
not accept Senate council.
◦ Feared treason
◦ began custom of adopting
heir
◦ Empire reached its greatest
extent
◦ Undertook vast building
program
◦ Enlarged Social Welfare
◦ Consolidated earlier conquest
◦ Recognized the bureaucracy
◦ A time of peace and no war
and persecution
◦ Brought Empire to its
economic Height
◦ Defeated invaders
◦ Wrote Philosophy
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Peninsula
Center of the Mediterranean sea
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Strong Central government
Stable governments
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Government
Roads to create unity and communication
12 Tables
◦ Individuals rights within government.
◦ Written Legal systems.
Role of Women??
 Some legal rights after husband death
otherwise husband owned them.
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Weak central government
Disunity
Political corruption
Invaders
Disorder
Resulted in the Dark Ages (middle Age)
◦ Chaos and disorder
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Has roots in Judaism
An ethical code and is monotheistic
Roman Catholic Church (Western World)
(Peter)
◦ Protestant Religions
 Baptists, Calvinists, Huguenots, Born again etc.
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Eastern Orthodox (Greece/ Byzantine)
(Paul/Thomas)
◦ Russian Orthodox
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Coptic (Egypt) (Andrew/James)
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The eastern region of Europe/ Roman Empire
was unified under the Byzantine Empire.
The Location of Constantinople contributed
to its prosperity.
They preserved Greek and Roman learning
and passed it on to western and eastern
Europe.
It’s location made it the crossroads of Europe
and Asia.
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Under Feudalism Land became an economic
commodity.
Feudalism developed after the Roman Empire
Collapsed.
Feudalism is a system in which land is
exchanged for military service and loyalty.
Was supported by the labor of peasants.
Society based on Social Classes.
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Religion played a significant role in the lives
of residents.
Most important force in providing unity and
stability through out Western Europe during
the middle ages.
Demonstrated centralized power in the pope.
Popes and monarchs often clashed on who
held power over whom.
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Was caused by a break down in central
government.
Is characterized by the manor system and the
importance of land ownership.
Also known as manoralism.
Limited social mobility.
Individual social status is determined by
birth.
Education declined as a result of the fall of
the Roman Empire.
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Master, Apprentices, Journeymen
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Spread along Arab trade routes
Empire extended from Spain to India
Islamic Golden age-Development of medical
encyclopedias, development of algebra and
astronomical tables.
“From Southern Spain across northern Africa,
occupying the Arabian peninsula to Southeast
Asia is the extent of the Muslim World.
A time of advances in Math, Science, Medicine
and literature.
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A time of advances in Math, Science, Medicine
and literature.
Started when the Arab people began
expanding their empire.
They accepted the ideas of all people in the
empire which resulted in a cultural diffusion
of knowledge which led to inventions.
Some creations are:
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Started with the Caesar Augustus lasted for
200.
Due to his stable government, pax romana
began.
A Time of peace and no major conflict,
creation of Architecture, and literature.
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Eastern Schism
◦ Roman Catholic Church
◦ Greek Orthodox Church
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Western Schism
◦ Pope in France
◦ Pope in Rome
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Started when the Byzantine Empire Asked for
help.
3rd Crusade was the most successful
Motives
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End of feudal obligation
Defend the holy land
Forgiveness of sins
Wealth
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Resulted in an increased interest in middle
eastern goods.
Contact with the Byzantines and Muslims lead
to an interest in knowledge.
Brought new ideas to the world.
Cultural exchange between Christians and
Muslims
Increase in Trade with middle east
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Rose to power by defeating the Byzantine
empire.
Controlled parts of the middle east, north
Africa, and eastern Europe.
Strategically located between Europe and Asia
Combined religion with tradition.
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A strengthening of power of monarchies.
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Is conquered by the duke of Normandy his
name was William.
He created the Domes Day or dooms day
book to keep a record of taxes.
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Caused the Power of the Monarch to be
limited.
habeas corpus – the principle that no person
can be held in prison without first being
charged with evidence.
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England –Parliament
France- Estates General
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Caused by an increase in trade.
Affected the economy by causing production
to decline and prices to rise.
Spread through trade with Asia.
People of North Africa, Europe, and Asia trade
routes.
Started in Asia
Caused a break down in the social order
Helped strengthen the power of the
Monarchies
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Built canals to aid in troop movements.
Great wall was used to keep nomadic people
out of China
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By 1300 controlled most of Asia.
Used Stirrups and excellent horsemanship to
build an empire.
Started trade again with Europe in the 1250’s.
Contributed to cultural diffusion.
Used psychological warfare
Political stability
Pax Mongolia
Led to trade and control of the silk road.
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Promoted interest in Asian goods.
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Defeated the Mongols.
Promoted the civil service system.
Traded with many diverse people.
Zheng He helped open new sea trade routes.
Zheng He opened trade with Africa.
But due to the expense in oversees trade they
stopped exploring.
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Share China’s idea of Monarch’s divine right.
China had influence on Japan due to geographical
proximity.
Korea served as a bridge between the two civilizations.
Started making Zen gardens, drawing calligraphy, and tea
ceremony.
Japan though still kept an independent culture from China.
Geography: volcanoes, limited resources, large coastal
population.
Nature due to Shintoism is very important.
Shintoist worship nature.
Promotes a harmony between humans and nature.
Shintoist would visit a shrine on a lake or river.
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Had a well defined social class.
Samurai- were warriors who followed Bushido which
mad them loyal to their Daimyo.
There is a decentralized political system.
Power is based on class relationships.
Difference from European feudalism is the
centralization of the Shoguns power.
Bushido helped bring about a culture of militarism.
It also helped give a guide of behavior for the warrior
class.
Women are to be obedient to men.
Tokugawa shogunate isolates Japan.
Merchants were viewed as having little purpose in
Japanese society.
Bushido is similar to Chivalry in Europe.
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Secular Achievements were emphasized.
Began in Italy because Italian city-states had
grown wealthy from trade between Europe
and Asia.
Revival of Greek and Roman culture.
Stress the importance of the individual.
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The ends justify the means.
Leaders may use any method to achieve what
is best for the state.
Better to be feared then loved, but not feared
enough for people to rebel.
Employ absolute power to maintain order in
the areas under their rule.
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Helped sparked changes in Europe.
Helped spread Martin Luthers ideas.
Spread of ideas.
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95 theses helped directly led to divisions in
the church.
Attacked sale of indulgences
Indulgences does not lead to salvation.
Attacked Corruption among high officials of
the Church.
Starts the Protestant Reformation.
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Challenged the teachings of the Catholic
Church.
Helped bring the end of Christian Unity.
Brought a decline in the power of the Church
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Power of Monarchs grew
Immediate effect the breaking of religious
unity of Europe.
Reconquista
The crusading spirit continued in Spain. It was called
the Reconquista.
• The goal was to drive Muslims off the Iberian
peninsula.
• Most of Spain controlled by Moors, a Muslim people.
• By 1300, Christians controlled the entire region
except Granada.
• Muslim influence continued, however, and shaped the
arts and literature in Christian Spain.