Warm Up Dec 15 and 16
Names are an integral part of who we are. They
shape our sense of who we are. What is your full
name? How do you feel about your name?
Would you have chosen your name for yourself?
Is there a story behind your naming? What does
your name mean? Do you have nicknames?
Where did your nicknames come from? Which is
your favourite? Why? What is your screen
name?
Does it annoy you that you do not know
Peekay’s real name?
What would you name Peekay?
Peekay as a hero
• The Hero’s journey
– Chart
– Peekay’s place as a hero
Apartheid in South Africa
What is Apartheid
• The process of segregation that happened
in South Africa. It became law in 1948.
• The Afrikaans word for “Separateness“
• Included racial, political, and economic
segregation of non-European peoples
The Afrikaner Nationalist approach
• Afrikaner Nationalists believed in the superiority of the
Afrikaner nation.
• Believed that their identity was God given. Feared that
the Afrikaner’s existence was threatened by the mass of
Africans in South Africa
• Feared the Afrikaner nation would be swamped and
overcome if there was mixing of the races.
• Afrikaner Nationalist historians explain apartheid as the
consolidation of these beliefs through a range of laws
that were passed to prevent the mixing of the races and
to preserve this “God-given” Afrikaner identity.
Group Areas Act
• (Act No. 41 of 1950) was an act of parliament created
under the apartheid government of South Africa that
assigned races to different residential and business
sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid.
• Effect of law excluded any non-white from being allowed
to live in established towns or to live and work in any
established economically viable areas - all of which were
proclaimed to be White areas.
• Caused many non-Whites to have to commute large
distances from their homes in order to be able to work.
Reservation of Separate
Amenities Act
• (Act No 49 of 1953), formed part of the apartheid
system of racial segregation in South Africa.
• The Act enforced segregation of all public
facilities, including buildings, and transport, in
order to limit contact between the different races
in South Africa. The Act also stated that the
facilities for different races did not need to be
equal, and in practice, the best facilities were
reserved for whites while those for other races
were inferior.
Other Acts
• Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act 1949
• Immorality Act (1950-1985) It forbid all
sexual relations between whites and nonwhites
Pass Laws
• Made it compulsory for all black South Africans over the
age of 15 to carry a "pass book" at all times. The law
stipulated where, when, and for how long a person could
remain. This pass was also known as a dompas.
• The document was similar to an internal passport,
containing details on the bearer such as their
fingerprints, photograph, the name of his/her employer,
his/her address, how long the bearer had been
employed, as well as other identification information.
Employers often entered a behavioural evaluation, on
the conduct of the pass holder.
Civil Disobedience
• “Open the jail doors, we want to enter!” The Defiance
Campaign
In 1952 the African National Congress launched the Defiance
Campaign. A programme of civil disobedience was planned. This
meant that large groups of Africans would act peacefully but would
deliberately break the law. They aimed to get arrested and flood the
country’s prisons. They hoped that this would draw public attention
to the apartheid laws and force the government to abolish them.
Mass rallies were held throughout the country. From here, groups of
volunteers were sent to break the law. They walked through ‘whites
only’ entrances, sat in parks set aside for whites only, broke curfew,
and refused to carry their passes. As a result, over 8 000 people
were arrested. The campaign had an enormous impact on the
people and ANC membership swelled from 7 000 to 100 000.
However, the police responded with extreme violence, especially in
the Eastern Cape, imposing heavy fines and even jail sentences,
and the ANC was forced to call off the campaign.
Inequality
• More than eighty percent of South Africa’s land
was set aside for its white residents, despite the
fact that they comprised less than ten percent of
the population. South Africa’s black majority had
resisted apartheid for many years. They began
rioting in 1976, when the South African
government tried to force black children in the
Soweto township to learn Afrikaans, one of the
languages of the white minority. The rioting
continued for the next fourteen years until the
apartheid laws were repealed.
Soweto Uprising
• On 16 June 1976, 20 000 students marched through
Soweto in protest against the use of Afrikaans in
schools.
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Population:1.5 million
Area:87 km square
Hot water:5% homes
Hospitals:1
Schools:280
Number of pupils per class:60
Average income per month:R100
Average cost of living per month:R140
Nelson Mandela
• “To
be free is not merely to cast
off one’s chains but to live in a
way that respects and enhances
the freedom of others”.