Quiz on Monday 9/30
• Reason for the Seasons
– Lesson and HW
• Pages 22-25 of Introduction to Climate Change
– Vocabulary
– Homework questions
– This lesson
• Keys/Study Materials
– PowerPoints (Reason for the Seasons + this presentation)
– Keys to HW questions
– Flashcards you made
Factors that Effect Earth’s Climate
• Milankovitch Cycles
– Cycles that last thousands of years that result in changes in
Earth’s orbit around the Sun
• Sun’s Intensity
– More/less solar activity
• Volcanic Eruptions
– Aerosols: cooling
– CO2: warming
• Earth’s Reflectivity
– Ice reflects heat, water absorbs heat
• Greenhouse Effect
– Some gases in Earth’s atmosphere absorb heat from the Sun
Greenhouse Effect
Four Main Systems on Earth
• Lithosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Atmosphere
• Biosphere
Lithosphere:
Three Main Types of Rock
• There are three main types of rocks that are formed by
the processes in the Earth’s crust.
• An igneous rock forms from the cooling and
crystallizing of magma or lava.
• A sedimentary rock is made of sediments.
• A metamorphic rock is a rock that is formed from
another rock because of heat and pressure.
The Rock Cycle
• The rock cycle allows
material to keep
changing form and
moving from place to
place on Earth.
Water on Earth:
The Hydrosphere
• All the water on Earth is part of a large system called
the hydrosphere.
• On Earth, water occurs in all three phases.
The Water Cycle
• A set of processes called the
water cycle keeps our water
continuously recycled and
naturally filtered.
• The water cycle is sometimes
called the hydrologic cycle.
The Sun, wind, weather,
and gravity drive the water cycle.
The Atmosphere
• An atmosphere is a
layer of gases
surrounding a
planet.
• Earth’s atmosphere
protects and
supports life.
Composition of Earth’s Atmosphere
• Earth’s atmosphere is made of a mixture of gases called air.
• Nitrogen gas makes up about 78%
of Earth’s atmosphere.
• The second most abundant gas is
oxygen, which makes up 21% of
Earth’s atmosphere.
Earth’s Atmosphere
Just Right for Life!
• Earth’s unique
atmosphere exists
because our planet has
the right balance
between mass and
distance from the Sun.
Biosphere