Day 52 Turmoil and Change in
Mexico
• Homework 388-393 (1-8)
Santa Ana and Mexican American
War
• Antonio Lopez de Santa
Ana
• Leader of Revolt 1821
and 1829- 1833 President
• Leads army against
Texas Revolt
• Anglo Population moved
to Tejas but did not follow
Mexican Culture or Law
(religion and slavery)
• Alamo
• Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo
La Reforma
• 1831 Benito Juarez – a
Zapotec from Oaxaca
becomes President
• Rose in power even in a
system that did not give
many opportunities to
Indigenous
• La Reforma- land
redistribution, separation
of church and state, and
increased education
• Conservatives and liberal
civil war- Juarez becomes
President
French Invasion
• 1862 – The Battle of the
Pastries
• Cinco de Mayo
• Napoleon III names
Archduke of Austria
(Maximillian) as Emperor
• 1867 seen as to costly so
French pull outMaximilian is executed
• Juarez is replaced as
president- dies of a heart
attack in 1872
Porfirio Diaz
• 1876-1911 Diaz takes
over militarily as caudillo
• Policy of “Pan o Palo”
• Eliminated Mexican
Constitution
• Supported by foreigners
• Industrial Progress but
severe gap between rich
and poor. Wages decline.
• Hacienda- virtual slavery
• Average life expectancy
30
Revolution
• Francisco Madero –
called for democracy and
was exiled
• Sectional Warfare breaks
out against Diaz
• North (Sonora,
Chihuahua) Francisco
“Pancho” Villa
• South (Oaxaca, Chiapas)
Emiliano ZapataDemands Agrarian (farm
land) reform
Emiliano Zapata
“It is better to die on your feet than to live
on your knees.”
• Francisco Madero caught between
too radical and not revolutionary
enough becomes president but
resigns
• Victoriano Huerta has him
assassinated
• Villa and Zapata support Venstiano
Caranza – defeat Huerta then
Caranza turns army against Villa
and Zapata
• US supports Caranza and invades
Veracruz to stop weapons
shipments
• Alvaro Obregon is assassinated
• PRI- becomes stable party from
1930-2000
The Zapatistas by Jose Clemente
Orozco
The Execution of Emperor
Maximilian by Edouard Manet