Write 3 sentences about what this
cartoon means.
Biotechnology
The use of living systems and organisms to develop or
make useful products
Or
"any technological application that uses biological
systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or
modify products or processes for specific use"
How did it start?
We often think of biotechnology as a new area for
exploration…..
History actually dates back to 8000 B.C when the
domestication of crops and livestock made it
possible for civilizations to prosper.
4000 B.C.
Ancient Egyptians made wine by fermentation
understanding that this microbiological process
occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Created over 50 types of bread using the
fermentation of dough.
Raised geese and cattle to meet dietary needs.
3000 B.C.
Peruvians selected and cultivated
Potatoes
This vegetable would last through the
harsh mountain climate.
Different growing techniques and
crossbreeding they made the potato
bigger and more rot resistant
1683
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
invented the microscope.
Starting off with the basic
structures allowed the seeing of
bacterial shapes – seeing cells
1861
Pasteurization is invented by Louis Pasteur
Milk is heated above 145 degree F at least 30
minutes then quickly cooled – this destroys
harmful bacteria
Journal
Corn genetically altered,
What are your thoughts?
4 sentences
1865
Gregor Mendel begins study of
Genetics
he is the “father of Genetics”
He used pea plants to discover
color, shape, length and other
genetic characteristics
First hybrid corn
William James Beal
One corn plant made from
two different parent plants
created a new breed
1879
(now corn can be grown with insect
repellant inside safe to eat –
reduces amount of pesticides)
Penicillin
Discovery
Bacteria killing Mold
1928
1950
Barbara McClintock
discovers “jumping genes”
Found that through natural
processes genes could be
moved, taken out or even
added
Now Hybrid corn
makes sense
1953
James Watson and Francis crick
Uncover the structure of DNA
Most Monumental discovery of the 20th century
Found it worked as a double helix
Francis Crick
James Watson
•
James Watson
Francis crick
DNA
Our cells are told what to do by a very special
molecule called DNA
DNA is a record of instructions telling the cell
what it's job is going to be
It is written in a special alphabet that is only
four letters long!
it is a beautiful curved ladder. We call this
shape a double helix. The letters of the DNA
alphabet (called bases) make up the rungs,
special sugars and other atoms make up the
handrail.
Follow these instructions to see what the outcome:
DNA must follow instructions provided by its protein make up
Instructions
1. Lay the sheet of paper on your work surface so it is vertically oriented.
2. Fold the left edge of the paper over to meet the right edge. Crease the
fold using a pencil. Unfold the paper
3. Fold the right half of the top edge down diagonally to meet the center
crease. Repeat with the left half of the top edge. Crease each fold with
the pencil.
4. Fold the top right and left edges down diagonally to meet the center
crease again. Crease these folds with the pencil
5. Refold the paper along the center crease. Rotate the paper 90 degrees
clockwise.
6. Fold the top layer of the top edge of the paper down to meet the
bottom folded edge. Crease this fold with the pencil
7. Flip the paper over. Fold the top edge down to meet the folded edge.
Crease the fold with the pencil.
A and T are best friends and always hang out
together
G and C are best friends and always hang out
together
These letters make up words that are always three letters
long . These are called codons
ATG CGT GGT CAG TCG ATA TAT GGC CCC
These words make up sentences that the cell
understands. These sentences are called genes.
[ATG CGT GGT CAG] [TCG ATA TAT GGC CCC]
Each sentence tells a cell to make a special molecule
called a protein. These proteins control everything in a
cell
How DNA Works
http://www.statedclearly.com/what-is-dna/
While watching this clip: Answer
What is DNA?
Strawberry DNA Extraction